{"status":true,"post":{"id":46084,"user_id":2,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-12-04 08:13:00","created_at":"2023-12-04T05:13:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-12-04T05:13:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":46084,"is_featured":0,"title":"Uluslararas\u0131 ticarette de\u011fi\u015fen oyun kurallar\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131 hamleleri","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","content":"


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

fatih@fatihoktay.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (DT\u00d6) raporuna g\u00f6re, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda G20 \u00fclkelerinin ithalat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in uygulamaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki toplam d\u00fczenleme say\u0131s\u0131 70 kadard\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda bu say\u0131 2 bin 150 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7in, uluslararas\u0131 ticarette de\u011fi\u015fen bu oyun kurallar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler al\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle karbon vergileri konusunda s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki durumunu, 2008 k\u00fcresel krizi \u00f6ncesinde hayal etmek bile zor olurdu. 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan 2008 krizine kadar d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmindeki ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 10 dolaylar\u0131nda, neredeyse d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin o d\u00f6nemdeki ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Bunun sonucu olarak d\u00fcnya toplam ihracat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 20 dolay\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 30 dolay\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu, uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin giderek serbestle\u015fti\u011fi, geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 serbest ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ESK\u0130 B\u00dcY\u00dcME YOK ARTIK!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

2008 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f ticareti \u00e7e\u015fitli krizlerle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kalkarak ortalamada ancak d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin h\u0131z\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyor; o eski ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcme yok art\u0131k. Bunda, \u00fclke ekonomilerinin 2008 krizi sonras\u0131nda tam anlam\u0131yla toparlanamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda korumac\u0131l\u0131ktaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f rol oynuyor. D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda \u00e7\u0131kan bir raporuna g\u00f6re, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda G20 \u00fclkelerinin ithalat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in uygulamaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki toplam d\u00fczenleme say\u0131s\u0131 70 kadard\u0131. Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenleme say\u0131s\u0131 500 dolay\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131; 2020 sonunda Biden\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi say\u0131 1400 dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131, 2022 sonunda ise 2150 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

DI\u015e T\u0130CARETTE ANA UNSUR\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ettiklerimiz, \u00fclkelerin di\u011fer \u00fclke \u00fcreticilerinin pazarlar\u0131na eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlama veya maliyetlerini art\u0131rma yoluyla yerli \u00fcreticilerin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik kota, ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi t\u00fcr\u00fcnde uygulamalar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131na, yerli \u00fcreticiyi do\u011frudan destekleme politikalar\u0131 geliyor. Biden y\u00f6netiminin yaln\u0131z ABD\u2019de \u00fcretilen elektrikli otomobiller i\u00e7in getirdi\u011fi te\u015fvik tedbirlerine, AB taraf\u0131ndan kendi \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in ABD\u2019ye ihracatta rekabet dezavantaj\u0131 yarataca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, bu ba\u011flamda bir geli\u015fme. Yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar yerli sanayiyi do\u011frudan destekleme politikalar\u0131, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131r, geli\u015fmi\u015f olanlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nan\u0131rd\u0131. Art\u0131k bu t\u00fcr politikalar d\u0131\u015f ticaret ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendiren ana unsurlar aras\u0131na giriyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Bir de, AB\u2019nin iklim koruma, s\u0131nai ve teknolojik geli\u015fme, yerli \u00fcreticiyi koruma ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon Vergisi \u00f6rne\u011fi var. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere bunun temelinde, \u00e7evreye ve d\u00fcnya iklim sistemine zarar veren \u00fcreticilere ek maliyet getirme politikas\u0131 yat\u0131yor. Bu, \u00e7evre-iklim sistemini korumak ve ye\u015fil teknolojilere olan talebi art\u0131rarak AB \u00fcreticilerinin bu alanda ilerlemesini sa\u011flamak olmak \u00fczere iki amaca y\u00f6nelik bir politika. AB \u00fcreticilerine getirilen ek maliyetin onlar\u0131n rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemesi i\u00e7in AB\u2019ye \u00e7evre-iklim sistemine zarar veren y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler ihra\u00e7 eden ancak \u00fclkelerinde AB\u2019li \u00fcreticiler gibi bunun bedelini \u00f6demeyen yabanc\u0131 \u00fcreticilere s\u0131n\u0131rda vergi yoluyla bedel \u00f6detilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu, \u015fimdilik AB\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fcyse de ihracatta karbon izine dayal\u0131 vergilerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 olas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

KARBON VERG\u0130LER\u0130NE SIKI \u00c7ALI\u015eIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00c7in\u2019de, \u00fclke \u00fcreticilerinin ihracat potansiyelini etkileyen ve etkileyecek bu geli\u015fmelere kar\u015f\u0131 neler yap\u0131l\u0131yor? Ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri ve kotalar\u0131n etkisi, mal ak\u0131\u015f rotalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131l\u0131yor. Trump d\u00f6nemi ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergilerinden sonra \u00c7in\u2019in ABD\u2019ye ihracat\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, Meksika, Vietnam gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ihracat\u0131nda ise art\u0131\u015flar oldu; ancak bu \u00fclkelerin \u00c7in\u2019den ithalat\u0131nda da buna paralel art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu, \u00c7in\u2019in ABD\u2019ye ihracat\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden, k\u0131smen \u00fcretimin son a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne i\u015faret ediyor. ABD ve AB \u00fclkelerinin kendi sanayilerini do\u011frudan destekleme politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ise \u00c7in\u2019in yapaca\u011f\u0131 pek bir \u015fey yok; \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi de zaten kendi \u00fcreticilerine b\u00fcy\u00fck destekler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclke y\u00f6netimlerinin sanayi politikalar\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedeni de bu konuda \u00c7in ile rekabet etme kayg\u0131s\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Karbon vergilerine gelince, \u00c7in bu konuda s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Vergiler, cezalar, hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi AB ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u015fekilde ABD\u2019de uygulanan t\u00fcrde bir karbon piyasas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak \u00fcretimde \u00e7evre kirleten ve karbon salana bunun maliyetini \u00f6detecek sistemler kuruluyor. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi \u00fcreticilerin ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 izleyecek, belirleyecek ve bunlar\u0131 di\u011fer geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdekiler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racak sistemler geli\u015ftirmek \u00fczere hummal\u0131 bir faaliyet i\u00e7inde bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"uluslararasi-ticarette-degisen-oyun-kurallari-ve-cinin-karsi-hamleleri","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1701637200mxhD8RhNtRXR6a6.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1492,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":2,"name":"FAT\u0130H","surname":"OKTAY","email":"ozansoy.tuna@akay.com","slug":"fatih-oktay","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600qSRn7kb3ZZVHU3t.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:22.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":46210,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":46084,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Uluslararas\u0131 ticarette de\u011fi\u015fen oyun kurallar\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131 hamleleri","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","content":"


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

fatih@fatihoktay.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (DT\u00d6) raporuna g\u00f6re, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda G20 \u00fclkelerinin ithalat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in uygulamaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki toplam d\u00fczenleme say\u0131s\u0131 70 kadard\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda bu say\u0131 2 bin 150 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7in, uluslararas\u0131 ticarette de\u011fi\u015fen bu oyun kurallar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler al\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle karbon vergileri konusunda s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki durumunu, 2008 k\u00fcresel krizi \u00f6ncesinde hayal etmek bile zor olurdu. 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan 2008 krizine kadar d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmindeki ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 10 dolaylar\u0131nda, neredeyse d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin o d\u00f6nemdeki ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Bunun sonucu olarak d\u00fcnya toplam ihracat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 20 dolay\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 30 dolay\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu, uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin giderek serbestle\u015fti\u011fi, geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 serbest ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ESK\u0130 B\u00dcY\u00dcME YOK ARTIK!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

2008 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f ticareti \u00e7e\u015fitli krizlerle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kalkarak ortalamada ancak d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin h\u0131z\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyor; o eski ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcme yok art\u0131k. Bunda, \u00fclke ekonomilerinin 2008 krizi sonras\u0131nda tam anlam\u0131yla toparlanamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda korumac\u0131l\u0131ktaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f rol oynuyor. D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda \u00e7\u0131kan bir raporuna g\u00f6re, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda G20 \u00fclkelerinin ithalat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in uygulamaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki toplam d\u00fczenleme say\u0131s\u0131 70 kadard\u0131. Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenleme say\u0131s\u0131 500 dolay\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131; 2020 sonunda Biden\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi say\u0131 1400 dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131, 2022 sonunda ise 2150 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

DI\u015e T\u0130CARETTE ANA UNSUR\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ettiklerimiz, \u00fclkelerin di\u011fer \u00fclke \u00fcreticilerinin pazarlar\u0131na eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlama veya maliyetlerini art\u0131rma yoluyla yerli \u00fcreticilerin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik kota, ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi t\u00fcr\u00fcnde uygulamalar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131na, yerli \u00fcreticiyi do\u011frudan destekleme politikalar\u0131 geliyor. Biden y\u00f6netiminin yaln\u0131z ABD\u2019de \u00fcretilen elektrikli otomobiller i\u00e7in getirdi\u011fi te\u015fvik tedbirlerine, AB taraf\u0131ndan kendi \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in ABD\u2019ye ihracatta rekabet dezavantaj\u0131 yarataca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, bu ba\u011flamda bir geli\u015fme. Yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar yerli sanayiyi do\u011frudan destekleme politikalar\u0131, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131r, geli\u015fmi\u015f olanlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nan\u0131rd\u0131. Art\u0131k bu t\u00fcr politikalar d\u0131\u015f ticaret ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendiren ana unsurlar aras\u0131na giriyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Bir de, AB\u2019nin iklim koruma, s\u0131nai ve teknolojik geli\u015fme, yerli \u00fcreticiyi koruma ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon Vergisi \u00f6rne\u011fi var. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere bunun temelinde, \u00e7evreye ve d\u00fcnya iklim sistemine zarar veren \u00fcreticilere ek maliyet getirme politikas\u0131 yat\u0131yor. Bu, \u00e7evre-iklim sistemini korumak ve ye\u015fil teknolojilere olan talebi art\u0131rarak AB \u00fcreticilerinin bu alanda ilerlemesini sa\u011flamak olmak \u00fczere iki amaca y\u00f6nelik bir politika. AB \u00fcreticilerine getirilen ek maliyetin onlar\u0131n rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemesi i\u00e7in AB\u2019ye \u00e7evre-iklim sistemine zarar veren y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler ihra\u00e7 eden ancak \u00fclkelerinde AB\u2019li \u00fcreticiler gibi bunun bedelini \u00f6demeyen yabanc\u0131 \u00fcreticilere s\u0131n\u0131rda vergi yoluyla bedel \u00f6detilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu, \u015fimdilik AB\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fcyse de ihracatta karbon izine dayal\u0131 vergilerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 olas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

KARBON VERG\u0130LER\u0130NE SIKI \u00c7ALI\u015eIYOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00c7in\u2019de, \u00fclke \u00fcreticilerinin ihracat potansiyelini etkileyen ve etkileyecek bu geli\u015fmelere kar\u015f\u0131 neler yap\u0131l\u0131yor? Ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri ve kotalar\u0131n etkisi, mal ak\u0131\u015f rotalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131l\u0131yor. Trump d\u00f6nemi ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergilerinden sonra \u00c7in\u2019in ABD\u2019ye ihracat\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, Meksika, Vietnam gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ihracat\u0131nda ise art\u0131\u015flar oldu; ancak bu \u00fclkelerin \u00c7in\u2019den ithalat\u0131nda da buna paralel art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu, \u00c7in\u2019in ABD\u2019ye ihracat\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden, k\u0131smen \u00fcretimin son a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne i\u015faret ediyor. ABD ve AB \u00fclkelerinin kendi sanayilerini do\u011frudan destekleme politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ise \u00c7in\u2019in yapaca\u011f\u0131 pek bir \u015fey yok; \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi de zaten kendi \u00fcreticilerine b\u00fcy\u00fck destekler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclke y\u00f6netimlerinin sanayi politikalar\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedeni de bu konuda \u00c7in ile rekabet etme kayg\u0131s\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Karbon vergilerine gelince, \u00c7in bu konuda s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Vergiler, cezalar, hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi AB ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u015fekilde ABD\u2019de uygulanan t\u00fcrde bir karbon piyasas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak \u00fcretimde \u00e7evre kirleten ve karbon salana bunun maliyetini \u00f6detecek sistemler kuruluyor. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi \u00fcreticilerin ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 izleyecek, belirleyecek ve bunlar\u0131 di\u011fer geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdekiler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racak sistemler geli\u015ftirmek \u00fczere hummal\u0131 bir faaliyet i\u00e7inde bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"uluslararasi-ticarette-degisen-oyun-kurallari-ve-cinin-karsi-hamleleri","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1701637200mxhD8RhNtRXR6a6.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1701637200mxhD8RhNtRXR6a6.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":1492,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}