{"status":true,"post":{"id":44910,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-10-30 09:42:00","created_at":"2023-10-30T06:42:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-30T06:42:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":44910,"is_featured":0,"title":"T\u00fcrkler 1000 y\u0131ld\u0131r Afrika\u2019ya kazand\u0131ran m\u00fcttefik","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

T\u00fcrkiye, Afrika \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in kazan-kazan siyasetinden ziyade kazand\u0131ran bir \u00fclke olarak k\u0131tadaki eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve yeni etkinlik kuran devletlerden farkl\u0131 bir konumda. K\u0131tada bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan mazisi bulunan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ili\u015fkilerdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, rakip \u00fclkelerin radar\u0131nda. Bilinen teorilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bu geli\u015fme; \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve yazar\u0131n kafa yordu\u011fu bir konu olacak.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Abbasi ordular\u0131yla gelen T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, b\u00f6ylelikle Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131na giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f oldu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1918\u2019deki Mondros M\u00fctarekesi ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Libya\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinin mecburen \u00e7ekilmesine kadar bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan bir tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015f var. 30 milyon kilometrekarelik bu devasa co\u011frafyan\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131nda yerel halklarla kurulan akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 da dahil \u00f6nce ha\u00e7l\u0131lara, sonra s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in k\u0131sa veya uzun vadede kol kola s\u00fcrekli varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/span><\/p>

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S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler, Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131k\u00e7a ve onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrklerle sadece sahillerde de\u011fil, k\u0131tan\u0131n en merkezi b\u00f6lgelerinde bile birlikte ya\u015fama azimlerine vak\u0131f olduk\u00e7a Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bahane bilip adeta hem Afrikal\u0131lar\u2019da hem de T\u00fcrkler\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015fin t\u00fcm haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 silmeyi ihmal etmediler. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin k\u0131sa zamanda bu mirasa sahip \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok emindiler. Daha 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131tada hen\u00fcz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakta olan nadir \u00fclkelerden Etiyopya\u2019da ilk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, asl\u0131nda bunun alenen ispat\u0131 idi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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ESK\u0130 EYALETLERE EL\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda alevlenen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketleri ile birer birer kurulan yeni devletlere T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin de \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin uzun y\u0131llar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eyaletleri olan M\u0131s\u0131r, Libya, Tunus, Cezayir ve Sudan ile daimi m\u00fcttefiki Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sefaretlerini a\u00e7mas\u0131 birbirini takip etti. Bunlara Senegal, Nijerya, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Gana, Kenya ile bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine de olsa Somali ve Tanzanya da ilave edildi. B\u00f6ylece 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesi i\u00e7in 13 ayr\u0131 \u00fclkeyle bir \u015fekilde diplomatik irtibat kurulmu\u015f oldu. Hatta bunlar \u00fczerinden de b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerimizin \u00e7evrelerindeki di\u011fer \u00fclkelere akredite edilmelerine itina edildi. Ancak k\u0131tan\u0131n devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki ileti\u015fim, hatta ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Afrika siyaseti takip etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bu k\u0131ta, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin miras\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden uzak tutuldu. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ba\u015fbakan ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n temaslar\u0131 ile hem ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bir hat\u0131rlatma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 hem de diplomatik, siyasi ve ticari ili\u015fkilerde bir canlanma s\u00fcrecine girildi.<\/span><\/p>

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DURAKSAMA YILLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ne var ki, 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla yerine kurulan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Afrika \u00fczerindeki tesiri \u00e7ok azalsa da ondan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bo\u015flu\u011fu \u00f6nce Hindistan, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra da \u00c7in doldurmakta gecikmedi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi askeri darbe s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, 1970\u2019lerdeki ter\u00f6rle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen g\u00fcndemi ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri Afrika ile temaslar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek yerine adeta rafa kald\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00f6nemin y\u00f6neticilerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve matbuat bile \u201cAfrika\u2019da ne i\u015fimiz var?\u201d, ho\u015fa gitmeyen bir durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cAfrika\u2019da m\u0131y\u0131z, balta girmemi\u015f ormanlar\u0131n ve a\u015f\u0131lamaz \u00e7\u00f6llerin k\u0131tas\u0131\u201d gibi ifadeleri atas\u00f6z\u00fc gibi kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmezdi. Hatta 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde ba\u015flat\u0131lan Afrika\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de herhangi bir yank\u0131 bulmay\u0131p sadece bir-iki belge hacmindeki kitap\u00e7\u0131klardan ibaret kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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YEN\u0130DEN A\u00c7ILIM\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda hem T\u00fcrkiye hem de \u00e7ok say\u0131da Afrika \u00fclkesi yava\u015f yava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 temaslar i\u00e7in zemin yoklad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Afrika Birli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, yeni bir yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecine girip 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika Birli\u011fi ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra k\u0131tayla ilgilenecek di\u011fer co\u011frafyalardaki devletler i\u00e7in 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019ya A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m Eylem Plan\u0131 ad\u0131yla yeni bir giri\u015fimi takdim etti. Bu konuda en istekli \u00fclke olarak T\u00fcrkiye sahaya h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir giri\u015f yapt\u0131. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan iken Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 8. Zirvesi i\u00e7in konuk olarak Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti ve Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin merkezine davet edildi. O d\u00f6nem Afrika Birli\u011fi Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alpha Oumar Konare hem Var\u015fova\u2019da e\u011fitim alan bir tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fc olmas\u0131 hem de Mali\u2019de iki d\u00f6nem devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmas\u0131 sayesinde Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019den sonra en fazla \u00fcyesi olan Afrika Birli\u011fi ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Asya-Avrupa ve Afrika aras\u0131nda bir merkez \u00fclke konumunda g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve k\u0131tan\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye a\u00e7t\u0131. Dahas\u0131 kendi g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi yetmese de 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilki \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan I. T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika Devlet Adamlar\u0131 Zirvesi\u2019nin t\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00fcrkiye, Afrika \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in kazan-kazan siyasetinden ziyade kazand\u0131ran bir \u00fclke olarak k\u0131tadaki eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve yeni etkinlik kuran devletlerden farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Onun bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde de 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi Ge\u00e7ici \u00dcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemdeki 53 Afrika \u00fclkesinden ikisi hari\u00e7 tamam\u0131 \u00fclkemizi destekledi. \u0130kincisi 2014\u2019te Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Malabo\u2019da yap\u0131lan bulu\u015fman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise \u0130stanbul\u2019da 2021\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile ilk temas\u0131, diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin tesisi idi ve 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde bir y\u0131l sonra k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde yeni sefaretler a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflendi. Aradan ge\u00e7en 14 y\u0131lda, 12 olan sefaret say\u0131s\u0131 32 art\u0131r\u0131larak\u00a0<\/span>44 oldu ve b\u00f6ylece 52 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fiyle \u00c7in, 50 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fiyle ABD ve 47 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fiyle Fransa\u2019dan sonra en fazla temsilci\u011fi bulunan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. Ankara\u2019da da ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te 10 kadar olan Afrika devletlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik say\u0131s\u0131 4 kat artarak 40\u2019a yakla\u015ft\u0131. \u00dclkelerle yap\u0131lan ikili anla\u015fmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da ilki 2015\u2019te \u00c7ad ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u00c7ifte Vergileri \u00d6nleme Anla\u015fmas\u0131, k\u0131ta genelinde yayg\u0131nla\u015farak 12 oldu ve yak\u0131n zamanda bunu imzalayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe dahil edilecek \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131 da artacak.<\/span><\/p>

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STRATEJ\u0130 BELGES\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2010 y\u0131l\u0131 mart ay\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan ve d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n imzas\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanan Afrika Strateji Belgesi, son 14 y\u0131ldaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin daha sa\u011flam zemine oturmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etti. B\u00f6ylece diplomasi yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 resmi kurumlar\u0131 ile sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, Afrika\u2019da ad\u0131m atmad\u0131k de\u011fil \u00fclke, neredeyse her birinin en uzak b\u00f6lgelerine kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. T\u0130KA, Maarif Vakf\u0131, THY, Diyanet Vakf\u0131, YTB, K\u0131z\u0131lay, AFAD, Yunus Emre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ile k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin en acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Su kuyular\u0131 gibi sg\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n olmazsa olmaz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, kalk\u0131nma ve benzeri alanlarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131ks\u0131z y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u0131sa zamanda T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131 art\u0131k kulaktan duyma bir \u00fclke ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde her an yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 istenilen bir dost eline uzanmakla e\u015fanlaml\u0131 hale geldi. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Libya\u2019dan Afrika\u2019ya ad\u0131m atan m\u00fcteahhitlerimiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve t\u00fcccar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gayretleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc takdirin \u00fczerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Afrika\u2019da t\u00fcm ba\u015fkentlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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80 M\u0130LYAR DOLARLIK PROJELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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DE\u0130K heyetleri, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi 81 yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 gezisinde i\u015f insanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kalabal\u0131k bir heyet ile yer al\u0131yor ve Afrika \u00fclkelerinde de mutlaka ziyaret edilen \u00fclkenin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ile iki \u00fclkenin yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na ve t\u00fcccar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hitapta bulunuyor. Heyetler ise kendi aralar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 oturumlarda etkile\u015fim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle 5.4 milyar dolar gibi \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan ticaret hacmi, son 20 y\u0131lda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m takip edilen gayretler neticesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 kat artarak 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla 40 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. 54 Afrika \u00fclkesinden 26\u2019s\u0131nda ticaret m\u00fc\u015favirlikleri ile \u00fclkemizin her biriyle ekonomik ili\u015fkileri yak\u0131ndan takip ediliyor. Afrika\u2019da yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u015fimdilerde 1500\u2019\u00fc a\u015fan projeleri de 80 milyar dolara yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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ETK\u0130NL\u0130K ALANI DE\u0130K \u0130LE GEN\u0130\u015eL\u0130YOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ve s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcyen D\u0131\u015f Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler Kurulu (DE\u0130K), bug\u00fcn 152 \u00fclke i\u015f konseyi i\u00e7inde 46 Afrika \u00fclkesi ile geni\u015fleyen bir etkinlik alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Malabo\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen 2. T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika Devlet Adamlar\u0131 Zirvesi\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlarla k\u0131saca TABEF olarak bilinen T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika Ekonomik Forumlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilki 2-3 Kas\u0131m 2016\u2019da, ikincisi 10-11 Ekim 2018\u2019de, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc 21-23 Ekim 2021\u2019de ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc de 12-13 Ekim 2023\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131. Afrika\u2019da 31 \u00fclkeye 56 defa hem Ba\u015fbakan hem de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak resmi seyahatte bulunan Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ve her zirveye Afrika Birli\u011fi D\u00f6nem Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak davet edilen d\u00f6nemin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131, TABEF\u2019te, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n Afrika ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fvik edici konu\u015fmalar yap\u0131yor. Genelde 40 civar\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ticaret bakanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kalabal\u0131k bir resmi heyet, bu tarihi bulu\u015fmalar\u0131n kendi \u00fclkelerinde de yak\u0131ndan takibine vesile oluyor. Her bir TABEF\u2019i Afrika\u2019dan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den toplam 3 bin civar\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, t\u00fcccar, i\u015f \u00e7evresinin farkl\u0131 kollar\u0131ndan temsilci ile y\u00fczlerce medya mensubu yak\u0131ndan takip ediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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\u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER E\u011e\u0130T\u0130MLE GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130P B\u00dcY\u00dcYECEK<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 40 \u00fclke ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu havayolu trafi\u011fi, k\u0131tada 60 havaalan\u0131na her y\u0131l milyonlarca yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan ve k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen en geni\u015f hava trafi\u011fine sahip. Maarif Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 387 okulda 50 bin \u00f6\u011frenciye e\u011fitim verdi\u011fi 6 k\u0131tadaki 46 \u00fclkenin 25\u2019i Afrika \u00fclkesi; buralardaki 175 okulda 17 bin 565 \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. K\u0131saca YTB olarak bilinen Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n binlerce Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciye verdi\u011fi burslar yan\u0131nda kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile \u00fcniversitelerimizde okuyan 300 bini a\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7inde 60 bini Afrikal\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika ili\u015fkileri, bu gen\u00e7lerin her sahada etkin g\u00f6rev almalar\u0131yla daha da geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcyecek.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"turkler-1000-yildir-afrikaya-kazandiran-muttefik","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1698613200YjCdFbzTw4SXFby.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":2256,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":45036,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":44910,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"T\u00fcrkler 1000 y\u0131ld\u0131r Afrika\u2019ya kazand\u0131ran m\u00fcttefik","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":"

T\u00fcrkiye, Afrika \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in kazan-kazan siyasetinden ziyade kazand\u0131ran bir \u00fclke olarak k\u0131tadaki eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve yeni etkinlik kuran devletlerden farkl\u0131 bir konumda. K\u0131tada bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan mazisi bulunan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ili\u015fkilerdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, rakip \u00fclkelerin radar\u0131nda. Bilinen teorilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bu geli\u015fme; \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve yazar\u0131n kafa yordu\u011fu bir konu olacak.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Abbasi ordular\u0131yla gelen T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, b\u00f6ylelikle Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131na giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f oldu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1918\u2019deki Mondros M\u00fctarekesi ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Libya\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinin mecburen \u00e7ekilmesine kadar bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan bir tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015f var. 30 milyon kilometrekarelik bu devasa co\u011frafyan\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131nda yerel halklarla kurulan akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 da dahil \u00f6nce ha\u00e7l\u0131lara, sonra s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in k\u0131sa veya uzun vadede kol kola s\u00fcrekli varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/span><\/p>

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S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler, Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131k\u00e7a ve onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrklerle sadece sahillerde de\u011fil, k\u0131tan\u0131n en merkezi b\u00f6lgelerinde bile birlikte ya\u015fama azimlerine vak\u0131f olduk\u00e7a Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bahane bilip adeta hem Afrikal\u0131lar\u2019da hem de T\u00fcrkler\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015fin t\u00fcm haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 silmeyi ihmal etmediler. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin k\u0131sa zamanda bu mirasa sahip \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok emindiler. Daha 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131tada hen\u00fcz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakta olan nadir \u00fclkelerden Etiyopya\u2019da ilk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, asl\u0131nda bunun alenen ispat\u0131 idi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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ESK\u0130 EYALETLERE EL\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Afrika\u2019da 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda alevlenen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketleri ile birer birer kurulan yeni devletlere T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin de \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin uzun y\u0131llar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eyaletleri olan M\u0131s\u0131r, Libya, Tunus, Cezayir ve Sudan ile daimi m\u00fcttefiki Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na sefaretlerini a\u00e7mas\u0131 birbirini takip etti. Bunlara Senegal, Nijerya, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Gana, Kenya ile bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine de olsa Somali ve Tanzanya da ilave edildi. B\u00f6ylece 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesi i\u00e7in 13 ayr\u0131 \u00fclkeyle bir \u015fekilde diplomatik irtibat kurulmu\u015f oldu. Hatta bunlar \u00fczerinden de b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerimizin \u00e7evrelerindeki di\u011fer \u00fclkelere akredite edilmelerine itina edildi. Ancak k\u0131tan\u0131n devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki ileti\u015fim, hatta ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Afrika siyaseti takip etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bu k\u0131ta, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin miras\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden uzak tutuldu. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ba\u015fbakan ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n temaslar\u0131 ile hem ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bir hat\u0131rlatma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 hem de diplomatik, siyasi ve ticari ili\u015fkilerde bir canlanma s\u00fcrecine girildi.<\/span><\/p>

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DURAKSAMA YILLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ne var ki, 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla yerine kurulan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Afrika \u00fczerindeki tesiri \u00e7ok azalsa da ondan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bo\u015flu\u011fu \u00f6nce Hindistan, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra da \u00c7in doldurmakta gecikmedi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi askeri darbe s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, 1970\u2019lerdeki ter\u00f6rle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen g\u00fcndemi ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri Afrika ile temaslar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek yerine adeta rafa kald\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00f6nemin y\u00f6neticilerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve matbuat bile \u201cAfrika\u2019da ne i\u015fimiz var?\u201d, ho\u015fa gitmeyen bir durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cAfrika\u2019da m\u0131y\u0131z, balta girmemi\u015f ormanlar\u0131n ve a\u015f\u0131lamaz \u00e7\u00f6llerin k\u0131tas\u0131\u201d gibi ifadeleri atas\u00f6z\u00fc gibi kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmezdi. Hatta 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde ba\u015flat\u0131lan Afrika\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de herhangi bir yank\u0131 bulmay\u0131p sadece bir-iki belge hacmindeki kitap\u00e7\u0131klardan ibaret kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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YEN\u0130DEN A\u00c7ILIM\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda hem T\u00fcrkiye hem de \u00e7ok say\u0131da Afrika \u00fclkesi yava\u015f yava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 temaslar i\u00e7in zemin yoklad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Afrika Birli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, yeni bir yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecine girip 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika Birli\u011fi ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra k\u0131tayla ilgilenecek di\u011fer co\u011frafyalardaki devletler i\u00e7in 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019ya A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m Eylem Plan\u0131 ad\u0131yla yeni bir giri\u015fimi takdim etti. Bu konuda en istekli \u00fclke olarak T\u00fcrkiye sahaya h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir giri\u015f yapt\u0131. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan iken Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 8. Zirvesi i\u00e7in konuk olarak Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti ve Afrika Birli\u011fi\u2019nin merkezine davet edildi. O d\u00f6nem Afrika Birli\u011fi Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alpha Oumar Konare hem Var\u015fova\u2019da e\u011fitim alan bir tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fc olmas\u0131 hem de Mali\u2019de iki d\u00f6nem devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmas\u0131 sayesinde Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019den sonra en fazla \u00fcyesi olan Afrika Birli\u011fi ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Asya-Avrupa ve Afrika aras\u0131nda bir merkez \u00fclke konumunda g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve k\u0131tan\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye a\u00e7t\u0131. Dahas\u0131 kendi g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi yetmese de 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilki \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan I. T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika Devlet Adamlar\u0131 Zirvesi\u2019nin t\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00fcrkiye, Afrika \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in kazan-kazan siyasetinden ziyade kazand\u0131ran bir \u00fclke olarak k\u0131tadaki eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve yeni etkinlik kuran devletlerden farkl\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Onun bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde de 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi Ge\u00e7ici \u00dcyeli\u011fi se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemdeki 53 Afrika \u00fclkesinden ikisi hari\u00e7 tamam\u0131 \u00fclkemizi destekledi. \u0130kincisi 2014\u2019te Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Malabo\u2019da yap\u0131lan bulu\u015fman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise \u0130stanbul\u2019da 2021\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/span><\/p>

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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile ilk temas\u0131, diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin tesisi idi ve 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde bir y\u0131l sonra k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde yeni sefaretler a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflendi. Aradan ge\u00e7en 14 y\u0131lda, 12 olan sefaret say\u0131s\u0131 32 art\u0131r\u0131larak\u00a0<\/span>44 oldu ve b\u00f6ylece 52 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fiyle \u00c7in, 50 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fiyle ABD ve 47 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fiyle Fransa\u2019dan sonra en fazla temsilci\u011fi bulunan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. Ankara\u2019da da ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te 10 kadar olan Afrika devletlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik say\u0131s\u0131 4 kat artarak 40\u2019a yakla\u015ft\u0131. \u00dclkelerle yap\u0131lan ikili anla\u015fmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da ilki 2015\u2019te \u00c7ad ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u00c7ifte Vergileri \u00d6nleme Anla\u015fmas\u0131, k\u0131ta genelinde yayg\u0131nla\u015farak 12 oldu ve yak\u0131n zamanda bunu imzalayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe dahil edilecek \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131 da artacak.<\/span><\/p>

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STRATEJ\u0130 BELGES\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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2010 y\u0131l\u0131 mart ay\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan ve d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n imzas\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanan Afrika Strateji Belgesi, son 14 y\u0131ldaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin daha sa\u011flam zemine oturmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etti. B\u00f6ylece diplomasi yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 resmi kurumlar\u0131 ile sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, Afrika\u2019da ad\u0131m atmad\u0131k de\u011fil \u00fclke, neredeyse her birinin en uzak b\u00f6lgelerine kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. T\u0130KA, Maarif Vakf\u0131, THY, Diyanet Vakf\u0131, YTB, K\u0131z\u0131lay, AFAD, Yunus Emre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ile k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinin en acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Su kuyular\u0131 gibi sg\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n olmazsa olmaz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, kalk\u0131nma ve benzeri alanlarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131ks\u0131z y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u0131sa zamanda T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131 art\u0131k kulaktan duyma bir \u00fclke ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde her an yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 istenilen bir dost eline uzanmakla e\u015fanlaml\u0131 hale geldi. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Libya\u2019dan Afrika\u2019ya ad\u0131m atan m\u00fcteahhitlerimiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve t\u00fcccar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gayretleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc takdirin \u00fczerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Afrika\u2019da t\u00fcm ba\u015fkentlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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80 M\u0130LYAR DOLARLIK PROJELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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DE\u0130K heyetleri, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi 81 yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 gezisinde i\u015f insanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kalabal\u0131k bir heyet ile yer al\u0131yor ve Afrika \u00fclkelerinde de mutlaka ziyaret edilen \u00fclkenin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ile iki \u00fclkenin yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na ve t\u00fcccar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hitapta bulunuyor. Heyetler ise kendi aralar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 oturumlarda etkile\u015fim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle 5.4 milyar dolar gibi \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan ticaret hacmi, son 20 y\u0131lda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m takip edilen gayretler neticesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 kat artarak 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla 40 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. 54 Afrika \u00fclkesinden 26\u2019s\u0131nda ticaret m\u00fc\u015favirlikleri ile \u00fclkemizin her biriyle ekonomik ili\u015fkileri yak\u0131ndan takip ediliyor. Afrika\u2019da yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u015fimdilerde 1500\u2019\u00fc a\u015fan projeleri de 80 milyar dolara yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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ETK\u0130NL\u0130K ALANI DE\u0130K \u0130LE GEN\u0130\u015eL\u0130YOR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ve s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcyen D\u0131\u015f Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler Kurulu (DE\u0130K), bug\u00fcn 152 \u00fclke i\u015f konseyi i\u00e7inde 46 Afrika \u00fclkesi ile geni\u015fleyen bir etkinlik alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Malabo\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen 2. T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika Devlet Adamlar\u0131 Zirvesi\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlarla k\u0131saca TABEF olarak bilinen T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika Ekonomik Forumlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilki 2-3 Kas\u0131m 2016\u2019da, ikincisi 10-11 Ekim 2018\u2019de, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc 21-23 Ekim 2021\u2019de ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc de 12-13 Ekim 2023\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131. Afrika\u2019da 31 \u00fclkeye 56 defa hem Ba\u015fbakan hem de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak resmi seyahatte bulunan Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ve her zirveye Afrika Birli\u011fi D\u00f6nem Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak davet edilen d\u00f6nemin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131, TABEF\u2019te, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n Afrika ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fvik edici konu\u015fmalar yap\u0131yor. Genelde 40 civar\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ticaret bakanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kalabal\u0131k bir resmi heyet, bu tarihi bulu\u015fmalar\u0131n kendi \u00fclkelerinde de yak\u0131ndan takibine vesile oluyor. Her bir TABEF\u2019i Afrika\u2019dan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den toplam 3 bin civar\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, t\u00fcccar, i\u015f \u00e7evresinin farkl\u0131 kollar\u0131ndan temsilci ile y\u00fczlerce medya mensubu yak\u0131ndan takip ediyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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\u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER E\u011e\u0130T\u0130MLE GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130P B\u00dcY\u00dcYECEK<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 40 \u00fclke ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu havayolu trafi\u011fi, k\u0131tada 60 havaalan\u0131na her y\u0131l milyonlarca yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan ve k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen en geni\u015f hava trafi\u011fine sahip. Maarif Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 387 okulda 50 bin \u00f6\u011frenciye e\u011fitim verdi\u011fi 6 k\u0131tadaki 46 \u00fclkenin 25\u2019i Afrika \u00fclkesi; buralardaki 175 okulda 17 bin 565 \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. K\u0131saca YTB olarak bilinen Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n binlerce Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciye verdi\u011fi burslar yan\u0131nda kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile \u00fcniversitelerimizde okuyan 300 bini a\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7inde 60 bini Afrikal\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye-Afrika ili\u015fkileri, bu gen\u00e7lerin her sahada etkin g\u00f6rev almalar\u0131yla daha da geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcyecek.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"turkler-1000-yildir-afrikaya-kazandiran-muttefik","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1698613200YjCdFbzTw4SXFby.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1698613200YjCdFbzTw4SXFby.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":2256,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}