{"status":true,"post":{"id":24767,"user_id":3,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:53:19","created_at":"2021-02-04T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:53:19.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":24767,"is_featured":0,"title":"Medeniyet ve ticaret yollar\u0131","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

H\u00fcseyin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Toplumdan topluma ta\u015f\u0131nan ve harman edilen medeniyetler, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olarak ticaret yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>

Bizim medeniyetimize bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nu takip ederek Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden atalar\u0131m\u0131z, burada kurduklar\u0131 medeniyeti, kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ile harmanlayarak, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir medeniyet in\u015fa ettiler.<\/span><\/p>

Anadolu, ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana Bat\u0131 ile Do\u011fu aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc vazifesi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan itibaren \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p, Orta Asya\u2019da birden fazla g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 takip ederek Anadolu\u2019ya u\u011frak vurup, Avrupa i\u00e7lerine kadar uzand\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

Di\u011fer bir koldan da Efes ve civar\u0131yla, Karadeniz\u2019de ise Trabzon ve Sinop, Akdeniz\u2019de Alanya ve Antalya gibi limanlar\u0131 kullanarak deniz yoluyla da Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>

\u00dcNL\u00dc HAN VE KERVANSARAYLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bug\u00fcne d\u00f6nerek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7erisindeki \u0130pek Yollar\u0131ndan bilinenleri s\u0131ralayal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>

Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019de; Trabzon, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Erzurum, Sivas, Tokat, Amasya, Kastamonu!<\/span><\/p>

Marmara ve Trakya\u2019da; Adapazar\u0131, \u0130zmit, Bursa, \u0130stanbul, Edirne!<\/span><\/p>

Do\u011fu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da; Mardin, Diyarbak\u0131r, Ad\u0131yaman, Malatya, Kahramanmara\u015f, Kayseri, Nev\u015fehir, Aksaray, Konya, Ankara!<\/span><\/p>

\u0130\u00e7 Ege\u2019de; Isparta, K\u00fctahya, U\u015fak, Denizli!<\/span><\/p>

Akdeniz\u2019de ise Antalya ve Alanya yollar\u0131 izleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130pek Yollar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli taraflar\u0131ndan biri, Anadolu\u2019nun kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 eserleriyle te\u00e7hiz edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eimdi de gezilip g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bu han ve kervansaraylardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerini zikredelim.<\/span><\/p>

\u00dcnl\u00fc kervansaraylar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Aksaray\u2019daki Sultan Han\u0131 gelir. Sar\u0131 Han (Nev\u015fehir), \u015earapsa Han (Alanya), Ak Han (Denizli), A\u011fz\u0131 Kara Han (Aksaray), Alara Han (Antalya Okurcalar), Silahtar Mustafa Pa\u015fa Kervansaray\u0131 (Malatya), \u00c7ardak Han (Denizli), Susuz Han (Burdur), \u0130ncir Han (Burdur),<\/span>Alay Han (Aksaray).<\/span><\/p>

KALE VAZ\u0130FES\u0130 G\u00d6RD\u00dcLER<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u0130pek Yolu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tespitlerine g\u00f6re kervan yollar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi, Orhun kitabelerine kadar uzan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Belgelere g\u00f6re 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u2018Moyanl\u0131k\u2019 denilen konaklama yerlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. \u2018Moyanl\u0131k\u2019 kelime itibariyle \u2018yard\u0131m, hay\u0131r ve konaklama kurumu\u2019 manalar\u0131na gelir. Bu ezeli hizmeti Anadolu topraklar\u0131na getiren Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019dan sonra daha da geli\u015ftiren Osmanl\u0131lar, \u015fehrin ortas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdikleri camileri, medreseleri, k\u00fclliyeleri, \u015fifahaneleri, han ve hamamlar\u0131, kervansaraylar\u0131 yerli yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetine sundular.<\/span><\/p>

Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndaki herhangi bir kervansaraya u\u011frayan t\u00fcccar yahut seyyahlar, kervansarayda ne ararlarsa buldular. \u0130nsan i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistem hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>

Can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, yatakhane, a\u015fhane, kiler, depo, ah\u0131r, samanl\u0131k, mescit, hamam, \u015fad\u0131rvan, sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, eczane, ayakkab\u0131c\u0131, nalbant ve kervansaray civar\u0131nda kurulan pazarlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

Bu arada elbet hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn kervansaraylar ayn\u0131 zamanda devletin savunma merkezi olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131, ordulara hizmet etti. Bu y\u00fczden de kervansaraylar\u0131n hepsi kale g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir ve kale vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>

BATILI SEYYAHLARIN HAYRANLI\u011eI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bu sebeple Bat\u0131l\u0131 seyyahlar\u0131n \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hanlar ve kervansaraylar gelir ve hayretlerini g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Yaz\u0131y\u0131, XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019ya bir gezinti yapan Frans\u0131z Bertranden de la Brocgulere\u2019nin, (1400-1459) kervansaray ve hanlarda konaklayanlara sunulan hizmetlere hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bitirelim:<\/span><\/p>

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 kervansaraylar\u0131na kim gelirse gelsin, buralarda \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca \u00fccretsiz misafir edilir, bu uygulama sadece insanlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, hayvanlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca hayvanlar\u0131n yemesi, i\u00e7mesi ve istirahati sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcccar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal\u0131 titizlikle korunur, emniyete al\u0131n\u0131r ve \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonunda giderken kendisine teslim edilir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ve toplumlarda b\u00f6yle bir halin olmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. Avrupa\u2019da asilzadeler, fakir fukaray\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tabaka olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ederlerdi.\u201d<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"medeniyet-ve-ticaret-yollari","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Medeniyet ve ticaret yollar\u0131","meta_description":"H\u00fcseyin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1214,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":3,"name":"H\u00dcSEY\u0130N","surname":"\u00d6ZT\u00dcRK","email":"ada.tokatlioglu@turk.net","slug":"huseyin-ozturk","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600d1camTRk8GL2Xc5.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:11.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":24866,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":24767,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Medeniyet ve ticaret yollar\u0131","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

H\u00fcseyin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Toplumdan topluma ta\u015f\u0131nan ve harman edilen medeniyetler, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olarak ticaret yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>

Bizim medeniyetimize bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nu takip ederek Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden atalar\u0131m\u0131z, burada kurduklar\u0131 medeniyeti, kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ile harmanlayarak, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir medeniyet in\u015fa ettiler.<\/span><\/p>

Anadolu, ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana Bat\u0131 ile Do\u011fu aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc vazifesi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan itibaren \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p, Orta Asya\u2019da birden fazla g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 takip ederek Anadolu\u2019ya u\u011frak vurup, Avrupa i\u00e7lerine kadar uzand\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

Di\u011fer bir koldan da Efes ve civar\u0131yla, Karadeniz\u2019de ise Trabzon ve Sinop, Akdeniz\u2019de Alanya ve Antalya gibi limanlar\u0131 kullanarak deniz yoluyla da Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>

\u00dcNL\u00dc HAN VE KERVANSARAYLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bug\u00fcne d\u00f6nerek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7erisindeki \u0130pek Yollar\u0131ndan bilinenleri s\u0131ralayal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>

Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019de; Trabzon, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Erzurum, Sivas, Tokat, Amasya, Kastamonu!<\/span><\/p>

Marmara ve Trakya\u2019da; Adapazar\u0131, \u0130zmit, Bursa, \u0130stanbul, Edirne!<\/span><\/p>

Do\u011fu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da; Mardin, Diyarbak\u0131r, Ad\u0131yaman, Malatya, Kahramanmara\u015f, Kayseri, Nev\u015fehir, Aksaray, Konya, Ankara!<\/span><\/p>

\u0130\u00e7 Ege\u2019de; Isparta, K\u00fctahya, U\u015fak, Denizli!<\/span><\/p>

Akdeniz\u2019de ise Antalya ve Alanya yollar\u0131 izleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130pek Yollar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli taraflar\u0131ndan biri, Anadolu\u2019nun kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 eserleriyle te\u00e7hiz edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eimdi de gezilip g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bu han ve kervansaraylardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerini zikredelim.<\/span><\/p>

\u00dcnl\u00fc kervansaraylar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Aksaray\u2019daki Sultan Han\u0131 gelir. Sar\u0131 Han (Nev\u015fehir), \u015earapsa Han (Alanya), Ak Han (Denizli), A\u011fz\u0131 Kara Han (Aksaray), Alara Han (Antalya Okurcalar), Silahtar Mustafa Pa\u015fa Kervansaray\u0131 (Malatya), \u00c7ardak Han (Denizli), Susuz Han (Burdur), \u0130ncir Han (Burdur),<\/span>Alay Han (Aksaray).<\/span><\/p>

KALE VAZ\u0130FES\u0130 G\u00d6RD\u00dcLER<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

\u0130pek Yolu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tespitlerine g\u00f6re kervan yollar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi, Orhun kitabelerine kadar uzan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Belgelere g\u00f6re 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u2018Moyanl\u0131k\u2019 denilen konaklama yerlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. \u2018Moyanl\u0131k\u2019 kelime itibariyle \u2018yard\u0131m, hay\u0131r ve konaklama kurumu\u2019 manalar\u0131na gelir. Bu ezeli hizmeti Anadolu topraklar\u0131na getiren Sel\u00e7uklular\u2019dan sonra daha da geli\u015ftiren Osmanl\u0131lar, \u015fehrin ortas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdikleri camileri, medreseleri, k\u00fclliyeleri, \u015fifahaneleri, han ve hamamlar\u0131, kervansaraylar\u0131 yerli yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hizmetine sundular.<\/span><\/p>

Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndaki herhangi bir kervansaraya u\u011frayan t\u00fcccar yahut seyyahlar, kervansarayda ne ararlarsa buldular. \u0130nsan i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistem hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>

Can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, yatakhane, a\u015fhane, kiler, depo, ah\u0131r, samanl\u0131k, mescit, hamam, \u015fad\u0131rvan, sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, eczane, ayakkab\u0131c\u0131, nalbant ve kervansaray civar\u0131nda kurulan pazarlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

Bu arada elbet hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn kervansaraylar ayn\u0131 zamanda devletin savunma merkezi olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131, ordulara hizmet etti. Bu y\u00fczden de kervansaraylar\u0131n hepsi kale g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir ve kale vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>

BATILI SEYYAHLARIN HAYRANLI\u011eI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bu sebeple Bat\u0131l\u0131 seyyahlar\u0131n \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hanlar ve kervansaraylar gelir ve hayretlerini g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Yaz\u0131y\u0131, XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019ya bir gezinti yapan Frans\u0131z Bertranden de la Brocgulere\u2019nin, (1400-1459) kervansaray ve hanlarda konaklayanlara sunulan hizmetlere hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bitirelim:<\/span><\/p>

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 kervansaraylar\u0131na kim gelirse gelsin, buralarda \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca \u00fccretsiz misafir edilir, bu uygulama sadece insanlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, hayvanlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca hayvanlar\u0131n yemesi, i\u00e7mesi ve istirahati sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcccar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal\u0131 titizlikle korunur, emniyete al\u0131n\u0131r ve \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonunda giderken kendisine teslim edilir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ve toplumlarda b\u00f6yle bir halin olmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. Avrupa\u2019da asilzadeler, fakir fukaray\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tabaka olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ederlerdi.\u201d<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"medeniyet-ve-ticaret-yollari","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Medeniyet ve ticaret yollar\u0131","meta_description":"H\u00fcseyin \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1214,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}