{"status":true,"post":{"id":23909,"user_id":29,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:34:24","created_at":"2020-12-24T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:34:24.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":23909,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u0130ran\u2019a ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki olas\u0131 etkisi","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":"  \t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"large\"><strong>Av. Muhammet Aksan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ilk defa 14 Kas\u0131m 1979\u2019da Tahran\u2019daki Amerikan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan bask\u0131n ve rehine krizi ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Emri ile ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu yana ABD, bu konuda \u00e7ok say\u0131da Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Emri ile yasalar \u00e7\u0131kararak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti.<\/span><br><span class=\"large\"> 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran petrol kaynaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 finansal ve ticari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ba\u015flad\u0131. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130ran Merkez Bankas\u0131 ve di\u011fer finansal kurulu\u015flar da yapt\u0131r\u0131m kapsam\u0131na dahil edildi. <\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilerek ABD; \u0130ran H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne, herhangi bir \u0130ran finansal kurulu\u015funa veya ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yabanc\u0131 Varl\u0131klar\u0131 Koruma Ofisi (OFAC) taraf\u0131ndan Yasakl\u0131 Ki\u015fi ve Kurumlar Listesi\u2019ne (SDN) al\u0131nan herhangi bir ki\u015fiye ait t\u00fcm m\u00fclk ve m\u00fclke ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 bloke etti.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">ABD\u2019de, 22 Ekim 2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u0130ran \u0130\u015flemleri ve Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ne dayanan, \u2018Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u2019 kapsam\u0131ndaki ABD\u2019de yerle\u015fik ki\u015fi ve kurumlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ana yasaklar; \u0130ran H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, herhangi bir kurulu\u015fu, \u0130ran\u2019da yerle\u015fik \u015firketler ve \u0130ran vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ve SDN listesindeki ki\u015filerle yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek mal ve hizmet tedarikleri, mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r ihlali durumunda ABD\u2019li olmayan ki\u015filere de cezalar uyguland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">14 Temmuz 2015\u2019te imzalanan \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131na ili\u015fkin Kapsaml\u0131 Ortak Eylem Plan\u0131 (JCPOA) do\u011frultusunda, ABD ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda baz\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kademeli olarak kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>YAPTIRIMLARDA SON DURUM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Donald Trump y\u00f6netiminin geli\u015finin ard\u0131ndan, ABD nezdinde JCPOA ile kald\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcm yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 8 May\u0131s 2018 tarihinde yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyma karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle yukar\u0131da yer verilen Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulama alan\u0131 bulmaya devam ediyor.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 5 Kas\u0131m 2018\u2019de \u0130kincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ad\u0131 verilen yeni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar getirdi ki, bunlar, Amerikan Dolar\u0131 \u00fczerinden i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na veyahut i\u015fleme taraf olan ki\u015filerin ABD\u2019li ki\u015fi ya da kurum oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, SDN listesine giren ki\u015filere sponsor olan, finansal, materyal ve teknolojik destek veren, mal ve hizmet ticareti yapan, Amerikan Dolar\u0131 sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131 ve ya iktisap etmesini sa\u011flayan, sigortalama hizmetleri, sigorta veya reas\u00fcrans temin eden herhangi bir ki\u015fi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ihlal etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131yor ve cezalara tabi tutuluyor. Bu nedenle \u0130kincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uluslararas\u0131 piyasalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ses getirdi.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>YAPTIRIMLARIN T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019YE ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011frudan hukuki bir risk do\u011furmuyor. Fakat pazar ve itibar kayb\u0131 riski te\u015fkil ediyorsa da \u0130kincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar kapsam\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019daki ki\u015fi ve kurumlar ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ticari ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olan \u015firketlerin, do\u011frudan ili\u015fkisi bulunmasa dahi, hizmet ya da mal teslimi yap\u0131lan ki\u015filerin \u0130ran ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da dolayl\u0131 olarak \u0130ran yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali sonucu do\u011furabilir.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ihlali durumunda ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin; ABD\u2019deki varl\u0131k ve hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n bloke edilmesi, ABD vizesi reddi, ABD\u2019den ihra\u00e7 edilme ve hapis cezas\u0131 boyutlar\u0131na varan cezalar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. T\u00fczel ki\u015filer i\u00e7inse Amerikan Dolar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ticaret yapmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi ve SDN listesine al\u0131nmaya varan cezalar ile yine \u00fcst y\u00f6netimin ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerine ili\u015fkin hapis cezas\u0131 dahil yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara konu olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Bu nedenle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak \u0130ran\u2019la olan ili\u015fkilerinin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar kapsam\u0131nda bir risk ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve mevcut ticaret modellerinde revizyona gerek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n analiz edilmesinde fayda bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>  \t\t\t\t","slug":"irana-iliskin-uluslararasi-yaptirimlar-ve-turkiyedeki-olasi-etkisi","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u0130ran\u2019a ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki olas\u0131 etkisi","meta_description":"Av. Muhammet Aksan","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1082,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":29,"name":"MUHAMMET","surname":"AKSAN","email":"av-muhammet-aksan@gmail.com","slug":"av-muhammet-aksan","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600IewiFiiT1aT8ZK3.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T10:51:30.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:45:38.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":24008,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":23909,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u0130ran\u2019a ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki olas\u0131 etkisi","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":"  \t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"large\"><strong>Av. Muhammet Aksan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ilk defa 14 Kas\u0131m 1979\u2019da Tahran\u2019daki Amerikan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019ne yap\u0131lan bask\u0131n ve rehine krizi ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Emri ile ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu yana ABD, bu konuda \u00e7ok say\u0131da Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Emri ile yasalar \u00e7\u0131kararak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti.<\/span><br><span class=\"large\"> 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran petrol kaynaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 finansal ve ticari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ba\u015flad\u0131. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130ran Merkez Bankas\u0131 ve di\u011fer finansal kurulu\u015flar da yapt\u0131r\u0131m kapsam\u0131na dahil edildi. <\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilerek ABD; \u0130ran H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne, herhangi bir \u0130ran finansal kurulu\u015funa veya ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yabanc\u0131 Varl\u0131klar\u0131 Koruma Ofisi (OFAC) taraf\u0131ndan Yasakl\u0131 Ki\u015fi ve Kurumlar Listesi\u2019ne (SDN) al\u0131nan herhangi bir ki\u015fiye ait t\u00fcm m\u00fclk ve m\u00fclke ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 bloke etti.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">ABD\u2019de, 22 Ekim 2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u0130ran \u0130\u015flemleri ve Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ne dayanan, \u2018Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u2019 kapsam\u0131ndaki ABD\u2019de yerle\u015fik ki\u015fi ve kurumlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ana yasaklar; \u0130ran H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, herhangi bir kurulu\u015fu, \u0130ran\u2019da yerle\u015fik \u015firketler ve \u0130ran vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ve SDN listesindeki ki\u015filerle yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek mal ve hizmet tedarikleri, mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r ihlali durumunda ABD\u2019li olmayan ki\u015filere de cezalar uyguland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">14 Temmuz 2015\u2019te imzalanan \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131na ili\u015fkin Kapsaml\u0131 Ortak Eylem Plan\u0131 (JCPOA) do\u011frultusunda, ABD ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda baz\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kademeli olarak kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>YAPTIRIMLARDA SON DURUM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Donald Trump y\u00f6netiminin geli\u015finin ard\u0131ndan, ABD nezdinde JCPOA ile kald\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcm yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 8 May\u0131s 2018 tarihinde yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyma karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle yukar\u0131da yer verilen Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulama alan\u0131 bulmaya devam ediyor.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 5 Kas\u0131m 2018\u2019de \u0130kincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ad\u0131 verilen yeni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar getirdi ki, bunlar, Amerikan Dolar\u0131 \u00fczerinden i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na veyahut i\u015fleme taraf olan ki\u015filerin ABD\u2019li ki\u015fi ya da kurum oldu\u011funa bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, SDN listesine giren ki\u015filere sponsor olan, finansal, materyal ve teknolojik destek veren, mal ve hizmet ticareti yapan, Amerikan Dolar\u0131 sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131 ve ya iktisap etmesini sa\u011flayan, sigortalama hizmetleri, sigorta veya reas\u00fcrans temin eden herhangi bir ki\u015fi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ihlal etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131yor ve cezalara tabi tutuluyor. Bu nedenle \u0130kincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uluslararas\u0131 piyasalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ses getirdi.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>YAPTIRIMLARIN T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019YE ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Birincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011frudan hukuki bir risk do\u011furmuyor. Fakat pazar ve itibar kayb\u0131 riski te\u015fkil ediyorsa da \u0130kincil Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar kapsam\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019daki ki\u015fi ve kurumlar ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ticari ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olan \u015firketlerin, do\u011frudan ili\u015fkisi bulunmasa dahi, hizmet ya da mal teslimi yap\u0131lan ki\u015filerin \u0130ran ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da dolayl\u0131 olarak \u0130ran yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali sonucu do\u011furabilir.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ihlali durumunda ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin; ABD\u2019deki varl\u0131k ve hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n bloke edilmesi, ABD vizesi reddi, ABD\u2019den ihra\u00e7 edilme ve hapis cezas\u0131 boyutlar\u0131na varan cezalar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. T\u00fczel ki\u015filer i\u00e7inse Amerikan Dolar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ticaret yapmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi ve SDN listesine al\u0131nmaya varan cezalar ile yine \u00fcst y\u00f6netimin ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerine ili\u015fkin hapis cezas\u0131 dahil yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara konu olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">Bu nedenle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak \u0130ran\u2019la olan ili\u015fkilerinin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar kapsam\u0131nda bir risk ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve mevcut ticaret modellerinde revizyona gerek olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n analiz edilmesinde fayda bulunuyor.<\/span><\/p>  \t\t\t\t","slug":"irana-iliskin-uluslararasi-yaptirimlar-ve-turkiyedeki-olasi-etkisi","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u0130ran\u2019a ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki olas\u0131 etkisi","meta_description":"Av. 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