{"status":true,"post":{"id":19903,"user_id":11,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 13:41:21","created_at":"2019-02-10T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T10:41:21.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":19903,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u0130hracatta \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019 hamleler","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":"  \t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"large\">K\u00fcresel ekonomi-politik sistemin sebep oldu\u011fu gerginlik ve belirsizlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin uluslararas\u0131 finans sisteminden kayna\u011fa ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6receli olarak zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7iyoruz. Bu da, \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme, istihdam gibi \u2018makro ekonomik \u00f6ncelik\u2019lerini, hedeflerini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileme riski ta\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye, k\u00fcresel sistemin sebep oldu\u011fu bu zorlu etab\u0131, \u2018Yeni Ekonomi Program\u0131\u2019 do\u011frultusunda 2018-2020 d\u00f6nemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u2018dengeleme-disiplin\u2019 d\u00f6nemiyle a\u015fmak \u00fczere bir strateji y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bu stratejinin \u00f6nemli sac ayaklar\u0131ndan biri ise \u2018net ihracat\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>T\u0130CARET D\u0130PLOMAS\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z, 2018\u2019in 10 ay\u0131nda rekorlar k\u0131rarak, \u2018net ihracat\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131ya imza att\u0131. Veriler, 2019\u2019un ocak ay\u0131 itibariyle t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ocak ay\u0131 ihracat\u0131yla ihracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yeni y\u0131la da ayn\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131kla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. 2019\u2019da \u00c7in, Hindistan gibi dev pazarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rusya gibi y\u00fcksek d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz pazarlara, Japonya ve Meksika gibi uzak pazarlara y\u00f6nelik \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019, \u2018\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc\u2019 ihracat hamlelerini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Ticaret Bakan\u0131m\u0131z Ruhsar Pekcan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fturmu\u015f durumday\u0131z. S\u00f6z konusu \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019 hareket tarz\u0131n\u0131n, ihracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 219 \u00fclkeye ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir; 126\u2019s\u0131nda ihracat\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r; 104\u2019\u00fcnde ise art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ift haneli noktaya getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u2018ticaret diplomasisi\u2019nin \u2018saha neferleri\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k ve net ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>AVANTAJLI 285 \u00dcR\u00dcN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">T\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi\u2019nin (T\u0130M) A\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck Modeli (RCA) \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde en fazla ticareti yap\u0131lan 200 \u00fcr\u00fcn aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 47 \u00fcr\u00fcnde avantajl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda T\u0130M\u2019in yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel ticaretin y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan 1000 \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan RCA analizi ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde 285 \u00fcr\u00fcndeki avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karacak. B\u00f6ylece s\u00f6z konusu avantajl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerimizle hangi <\/span><br><span class=\"large\"> \u00fclke pazarlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenmemiz konusunda \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak. KGF destekli ihracat kredilerinden yeni finansman mekanizmalar\u0131na, bu d\u00f6nemde ihracat\u0131m\u0131za verilecek her destek, KDV iadeleri olmak \u00fczere ekonomimizin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ihracat rekorlar\u0131 olarak geri d\u00f6necek. T\u0130M ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bu \u2018\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc\u2019 hamlelerini dikkatle takip edelim.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>MERCEKLER ENERJ\u0130 VE AB\u2019YE ODAKLANDI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ticaret sigortalama \u015firketlerinden Coface\u2019\u0131n her y\u0131l Paris\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u2018\u00dclkeler Risk G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm Zirvesi\u2019, bu y\u0131l iki temel konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak, \u2018enerji\u2019 ve \u2018Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi\u2019ne odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Enerji ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ilk konu, k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel politik geli\u015fmelerin \u0130ran, Irak, Libya ve Venezuela gibi petrol \u00fcreticisi \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bask\u0131 ve bu bask\u0131dan etkilenen petrol \u00fcretimi. \u0130kinci \u00f6nemli konu ise \u00c7in, Hindistan ve ABD gibi ciddi enerji t\u00fcketicisi \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmede yava\u015flama, hatta resesyon riskinin k\u00fcresel enerji talebine olan etkileri. Bu nedenle k\u00fcresel enerji ticaretinin bug\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fi, k\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal d\u00fczeyde enerji \u00fcreten firmalar\u0131n enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015firket k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilme becerileri dikkatle takip edilecek. Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ABD\u2019den \u00fcretimi k\u0131smamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bask\u0131, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ise ABD ve AB yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnya enerji piyasas\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc rol\u00fc ve AB\u2019nin enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol de g\u00fcndemdeki yerini koruyor. Hidrokarbon ve n\u00fckleerde \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 kap\u0131\u015fman\u0131n t\u0131rmanaca\u011f\u0131 beklentisi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca dikarbonizasyon, yani hidrojen ve g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisindeki geli\u015fmeler de radarda. Coface\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcresel zirvesinde bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli ba\u015fl\u0131k ise \u2018Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi\u2019ydi. Zirveye kat\u0131lan uzmanlar, bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki \u00f6nemli konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirdiler. <\/span><br><span class=\"large\"> Birinci konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, elbette Brexit. \u0130kinci konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u2018Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fckselen pop\u00fclizm\u2019. 28 AB \u00fclkesinde en hassas konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit maa\u015f olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/span><span class=\"large\">Coface, 2019 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye ile Euro B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini y\u00fczde 1.2 olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sorunlar\u0131yla ba\u015f ederek, tekrar d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 beklentisi hayli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>  \t\t\t\t","slug":"ihracatta-cok-boyutlu-hamleler","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u0130hracatta \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019 hamleler","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Kerem Alkin","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":89,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":11,"name":"KEREM","surname":"ALK\u0130N","email":"irem05@daglaroglu.com","slug":"prof-dr-kerem-alkin","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916000GNrERW0ucj2Ja7.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:50:43.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":20002,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":19903,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u0130hracatta \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019 hamleler","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":"  \t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"large\">K\u00fcresel ekonomi-politik sistemin sebep oldu\u011fu gerginlik ve belirsizlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6nde gelen geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin uluslararas\u0131 finans sisteminden kayna\u011fa ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6receli olarak zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7iyoruz. Bu da, \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme, istihdam gibi \u2018makro ekonomik \u00f6ncelik\u2019lerini, hedeflerini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileme riski ta\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye, k\u00fcresel sistemin sebep oldu\u011fu bu zorlu etab\u0131, \u2018Yeni Ekonomi Program\u0131\u2019 do\u011frultusunda 2018-2020 d\u00f6nemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u2018dengeleme-disiplin\u2019 d\u00f6nemiyle a\u015fmak \u00fczere bir strateji y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bu stratejinin \u00f6nemli sac ayaklar\u0131ndan biri ise \u2018net ihracat\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lmak.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>T\u0130CARET D\u0130PLOMAS\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">\u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z, 2018\u2019in 10 ay\u0131nda rekorlar k\u0131rarak, \u2018net ihracat\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131ya imza att\u0131. Veriler, 2019\u2019un ocak ay\u0131 itibariyle t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ocak ay\u0131 ihracat\u0131yla ihracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yeni y\u0131la da ayn\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131kla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. 2019\u2019da \u00c7in, Hindistan gibi dev pazarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rusya gibi y\u00fcksek d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz pazarlara, Japonya ve Meksika gibi uzak pazarlara y\u00f6nelik \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019, \u2018\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc\u2019 ihracat hamlelerini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Ticaret Bakan\u0131m\u0131z Ruhsar Pekcan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fturmu\u015f durumday\u0131z. S\u00f6z konusu \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019 hareket tarz\u0131n\u0131n, ihracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 219 \u00fclkeye ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir; 126\u2019s\u0131nda ihracat\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r; 104\u2019\u00fcnde ise art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ift haneli noktaya getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u2018ticaret diplomasisi\u2019nin \u2018saha neferleri\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k ve net ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>AVANTAJLI 285 \u00dcR\u00dcN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">T\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi\u2019nin (T\u0130M) A\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck Modeli (RCA) \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde en fazla ticareti yap\u0131lan 200 \u00fcr\u00fcn aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 47 \u00fcr\u00fcnde avantajl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda T\u0130M\u2019in yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel ticaretin y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan 1000 \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan RCA analizi ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde 285 \u00fcr\u00fcndeki avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karacak. B\u00f6ylece s\u00f6z konusu avantajl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerimizle hangi <\/span><br><span class=\"large\"> \u00fclke pazarlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenmemiz konusunda \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak. KGF destekli ihracat kredilerinden yeni finansman mekanizmalar\u0131na, bu d\u00f6nemde ihracat\u0131m\u0131za verilecek her destek, KDV iadeleri olmak \u00fczere ekonomimizin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ihracat rekorlar\u0131 olarak geri d\u00f6necek. T\u0130M ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bu \u2018\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc\u2019 hamlelerini dikkatle takip edelim.<\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\"><strong>MERCEKLER ENERJ\u0130 VE AB\u2019YE ODAKLANDI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  <p><span class=\"large\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ticaret sigortalama \u015firketlerinden Coface\u2019\u0131n her y\u0131l Paris\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u2018\u00dclkeler Risk G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm Zirvesi\u2019, bu y\u0131l iki temel konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak, \u2018enerji\u2019 ve \u2018Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi\u2019ne odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Enerji ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ilk konu, k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel politik geli\u015fmelerin \u0130ran, Irak, Libya ve Venezuela gibi petrol \u00fcreticisi \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bask\u0131 ve bu bask\u0131dan etkilenen petrol \u00fcretimi. \u0130kinci \u00f6nemli konu ise \u00c7in, Hindistan ve ABD gibi ciddi enerji t\u00fcketicisi \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmede yava\u015flama, hatta resesyon riskinin k\u00fcresel enerji talebine olan etkileri. Bu nedenle k\u00fcresel enerji ticaretinin bug\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fi, k\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal d\u00fczeyde enerji \u00fcreten firmalar\u0131n enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015firket k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilme becerileri dikkatle takip edilecek. Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ABD\u2019den \u00fcretimi k\u0131smamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bask\u0131, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ise ABD ve AB yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnya enerji piyasas\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc rol\u00fc ve AB\u2019nin enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol de g\u00fcndemdeki yerini koruyor. Hidrokarbon ve n\u00fckleerde \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 kap\u0131\u015fman\u0131n t\u0131rmanaca\u011f\u0131 beklentisi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca dikarbonizasyon, yani hidrojen ve g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisindeki geli\u015fmeler de radarda. Coface\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcresel zirvesinde bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli ba\u015fl\u0131k ise \u2018Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi\u2019ydi. Zirveye kat\u0131lan uzmanlar, bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki \u00f6nemli konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirdiler. <\/span><br><span class=\"large\"> Birinci konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, elbette Brexit. \u0130kinci konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u2018Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fckselen pop\u00fclizm\u2019. 28 AB \u00fclkesinde en hassas konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit maa\u015f olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/span><span class=\"large\">Coface, 2019 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye ile Euro B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini y\u00fczde 1.2 olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sorunlar\u0131yla ba\u015f ederek, tekrar d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 beklentisi hayli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>  \t\t\t\t","slug":"ihracatta-cok-boyutlu-hamleler","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u0130hracatta \u2018\u00e7ok boyutlu\u2019 hamleler","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Kerem Alkin","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":89,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}