{"status":true,"post":{"id":33560,"user_id":3,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 21:25:25","created_at":"2022-06-16T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T18:25:25.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":33560,"is_featured":0,"title":"Hayvan haklar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 medeniyeti","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

H\u00dcSEY\u0130N \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Devlet-i Aliye\u2019nin kurulu\u015f felsefesinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201c\u0130nsan\u0131 ya\u015fat ki, devlet ya\u015fas\u0131n\u201d ilkesi gelir. Bu ana gayenin i\u00e7erisinde insan ile birlikte t\u00fcm canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131 sahiplenerek yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f f\u0131tratlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir sistem i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve istifade edilmesi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki hayvan haklar\u0131na bakal\u0131m istedik. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin medeniyet haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan \u00f6nemli belgeleri yay\u0131nl\u0131yor ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larla payla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sohbette, bu belgeler \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk ve sizlerle de payla\u015fmak istedim.<\/span><\/p>

Devlet-i Aliye\u2019nin insan merkezli felsefesinde, insano\u011flunun ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan hayvanlara ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem verildi\u011fine dair h\u00fck\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 belgeler, tamimler, duyurular, ilanlar ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar mevcut.<\/span>
<\/span>
Mesela y\u00fck, binek ve ticari gaye i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirilen hayvanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, evcil hayvanlar\u0131n da belli kurallar i\u00e7erisinde yeti\u015ftirilmesi, bak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sahiplenilmesi hususunda \u00e7e\u015fitli belgelerin oldu\u011funu ifade eden Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerine yer verelim: <\/span>\u201cYarat\u0131lan\u0131 yaratandan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sevme ve sahiplenme inanc\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ve y\u00f6neticilerinin dikkatle \u00fczerinde durduklar\u0131 bir medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet-i Osmani, h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc topraklarda ya\u015fayan milletler ile tababetin, hayvanat\u0131n bir hukuku oldu\u011funu kabul ederek, bu hukuka riayet etmeyi vazife bilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/span>
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***<\/span>
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Osmanl\u0131 medeniyeti, insanlara ve hayvanlara dost kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f bir medeniyet in\u015fa etmi\u015ftir. Medeniyetin temelini ise \u2018emanet\u2019 inanc\u0131yla harmanlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir emaneti, emanet duygu ve samimiyetiyle idare etmek, y\u00f6netmek, gelecek nesillere korunmu\u015f, kollanm\u0131\u015f, hatta daha da sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak sunmak, ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok zor bir vazifedir.<\/span>
<\/span>
Osmanl\u0131, bu meseleyi her canl\u0131n\u0131n bir emanet oldu\u011fu yarg\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve belgeleriyle bug\u00fcnlere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131ndan g\u00fcvercinlere kadar t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n beslenmesinden bar\u0131nmalar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok belgenin g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal, sat\u0131r ba\u015flar\u0131yla \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c1812 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir mahkeme karar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Kad\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: \u2018Hamal taifesi ellerinde bulunan merkeplere tahamm\u00fcllerinden fazla y\u00fck y\u00fcklediklerinden, bu vaziyetin hayvanlara eziyete yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi hallere meydan verilmemesi, hamallar keth\u00fcdas\u0131ndan hamallar\u0131 kati suretle uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelir.\u2019<\/span>
<\/span>
Yine 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1856 tarihli Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid d\u00f6nemine ait bir ba\u015fka belgede, Cuma g\u00fcnleri at ve kat\u0131rlar\u0131n y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve tatil verilmi\u015ftir. Tabii bu yasak, binek olarak kullan\u0131lan hayvanlar\u0131 da kapsam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bir de hangi hayvana ne kadar y\u00fck y\u00fcklenece\u011fine dair tamimler vard\u0131r. Mesela 1909 y\u0131l\u0131na ait hamallara mahsus talimatnamede, y\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131na ne kadar y\u00fck y\u00fcklenmesi gerekti\u011fi \u015fu rakamlarla belirtilmi\u015f:<\/span>
<\/span>
Bir beygir y\u00fck\u00fc 120, merkep y\u00fck\u00fc 80, tek beygirli araba 250, \u00e7ift beygirli araba 400, \u00f6k\u00fcz arabas\u0131 500, manda arabas\u0131 ise 600 kiloyu kesinlikle ge\u00e7meyecek. <\/span>
<\/span>
Bu tarife elbette d\u00fcz yollar ile yoku\u015flu yahut ini\u015fli yollar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca belirlenmi\u015f. Talimata uymayanlara ise para cezas\u0131yla birlikte i\u015finden men edilme cezas\u0131 verilmi\u015f.\u201d<\/span>
<\/span>
***<\/span>
<\/span>
\u201c\u015eehirde hayvan haklar\u0131 b\u00f6yle de yaban hayat\u0131nda nas\u0131l acaba? Bu hususta da ar\u015fivde belgeler var m\u0131\u201d diye sorduk. Pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnekten biri \u015f\u00f6yle: 15 \u015eubat 1574 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda t\u00fcfekle yap\u0131lan avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, av hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Sultan II. Selim, t\u00fcfekle zevk i\u00e7in avc\u0131l\u0131k yapanlara \u015fu emri yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f: \u201cZevk amac\u0131yla t\u00fcfek kullanarak av yapanlar\u0131n t\u00fcfekleri ellerinden al\u0131ns\u0131n ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilsin. Bu i\u015f esnas\u0131nda kimseye zul\u00fcm yap\u0131lmas\u0131n.\u201d<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"hayvan-haklarinda-osmanli-medeniyeti","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Hayvan haklar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 medeniyeti","meta_description":"H\u00dcSEY\u0130N \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1105,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":3,"name":"H\u00dcSEY\u0130N","surname":"\u00d6ZT\u00dcRK","email":"ada.tokatlioglu@turk.net","slug":"huseyin-ozturk","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600d1camTRk8GL2Xc5.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:11.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":33659,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":33560,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Hayvan haklar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 medeniyeti","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

H\u00dcSEY\u0130N \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Devlet-i Aliye\u2019nin kurulu\u015f felsefesinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201c\u0130nsan\u0131 ya\u015fat ki, devlet ya\u015fas\u0131n\u201d ilkesi gelir. Bu ana gayenin i\u00e7erisinde insan ile birlikte t\u00fcm canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131 sahiplenerek yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f f\u0131tratlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir sistem i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve istifade edilmesi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki hayvan haklar\u0131na bakal\u0131m istedik. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin medeniyet haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan \u00f6nemli belgeleri yay\u0131nl\u0131yor ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larla payla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span>
<\/span>
Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sohbette, bu belgeler \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk ve sizlerle de payla\u015fmak istedim.<\/span><\/p>

Devlet-i Aliye\u2019nin insan merkezli felsefesinde, insano\u011flunun ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan hayvanlara ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem verildi\u011fine dair h\u00fck\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 belgeler, tamimler, duyurular, ilanlar ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar mevcut.<\/span>
<\/span>
Mesela y\u00fck, binek ve ticari gaye i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirilen hayvanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, evcil hayvanlar\u0131n da belli kurallar i\u00e7erisinde yeti\u015ftirilmesi, bak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sahiplenilmesi hususunda \u00e7e\u015fitli belgelerin oldu\u011funu ifade eden Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerine yer verelim: <\/span>\u201cYarat\u0131lan\u0131 yaratandan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sevme ve sahiplenme inanc\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ve y\u00f6neticilerinin dikkatle \u00fczerinde durduklar\u0131 bir medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet-i Osmani, h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc topraklarda ya\u015fayan milletler ile tababetin, hayvanat\u0131n bir hukuku oldu\u011funu kabul ederek, bu hukuka riayet etmeyi vazife bilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/span>
<\/span>
***<\/span>
<\/span>
Osmanl\u0131 medeniyeti, insanlara ve hayvanlara dost kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f bir medeniyet in\u015fa etmi\u015ftir. Medeniyetin temelini ise \u2018emanet\u2019 inanc\u0131yla harmanlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir emaneti, emanet duygu ve samimiyetiyle idare etmek, y\u00f6netmek, gelecek nesillere korunmu\u015f, kollanm\u0131\u015f, hatta daha da sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak sunmak, ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok zor bir vazifedir.<\/span>
<\/span>
Osmanl\u0131, bu meseleyi her canl\u0131n\u0131n bir emanet oldu\u011fu yarg\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve belgeleriyle bug\u00fcnlere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131ndan g\u00fcvercinlere kadar t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n beslenmesinden bar\u0131nmalar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok belgenin g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. U\u011fur \u00dcnal, sat\u0131r ba\u015flar\u0131yla \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c1812 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir mahkeme karar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Kad\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: \u2018Hamal taifesi ellerinde bulunan merkeplere tahamm\u00fcllerinden fazla y\u00fck y\u00fcklediklerinden, bu vaziyetin hayvanlara eziyete yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi hallere meydan verilmemesi, hamallar keth\u00fcdas\u0131ndan hamallar\u0131 kati suretle uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelir.\u2019<\/span>
<\/span>
Yine 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1856 tarihli Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid d\u00f6nemine ait bir ba\u015fka belgede, Cuma g\u00fcnleri at ve kat\u0131rlar\u0131n y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve tatil verilmi\u015ftir. Tabii bu yasak, binek olarak kullan\u0131lan hayvanlar\u0131 da kapsam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bir de hangi hayvana ne kadar y\u00fck y\u00fcklenece\u011fine dair tamimler vard\u0131r. Mesela 1909 y\u0131l\u0131na ait hamallara mahsus talimatnamede, y\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131na ne kadar y\u00fck y\u00fcklenmesi gerekti\u011fi \u015fu rakamlarla belirtilmi\u015f:<\/span>
<\/span>
Bir beygir y\u00fck\u00fc 120, merkep y\u00fck\u00fc 80, tek beygirli araba 250, \u00e7ift beygirli araba 400, \u00f6k\u00fcz arabas\u0131 500, manda arabas\u0131 ise 600 kiloyu kesinlikle ge\u00e7meyecek. <\/span>
<\/span>
Bu tarife elbette d\u00fcz yollar ile yoku\u015flu yahut ini\u015fli yollar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca belirlenmi\u015f. Talimata uymayanlara ise para cezas\u0131yla birlikte i\u015finden men edilme cezas\u0131 verilmi\u015f.\u201d<\/span>
<\/span>
***<\/span>
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\u201c\u015eehirde hayvan haklar\u0131 b\u00f6yle de yaban hayat\u0131nda nas\u0131l acaba? Bu hususta da ar\u015fivde belgeler var m\u0131\u201d diye sorduk. Pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnekten biri \u015f\u00f6yle: 15 \u015eubat 1574 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda t\u00fcfekle yap\u0131lan avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, av hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na sebep olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Sultan II. Selim, t\u00fcfekle zevk i\u00e7in avc\u0131l\u0131k yapanlara \u015fu emri yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f: \u201cZevk amac\u0131yla t\u00fcfek kullanarak av yapanlar\u0131n t\u00fcfekleri ellerinden al\u0131ns\u0131n ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilsin. Bu i\u015f esnas\u0131nda kimseye zul\u00fcm yap\u0131lmas\u0131n.\u201d<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"hayvan-haklarinda-osmanli-medeniyeti","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Hayvan haklar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 medeniyeti","meta_description":"H\u00dcSEY\u0130N \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1105,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}