{"status":true,"post":{"id":44911,"user_id":9,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-10-30 09:51:00","created_at":"2023-10-30T06:51:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-30T06:51:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":44911,"is_featured":0,"title":"Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"PROF. DR. NURULLAH G\u00dcR","content":"

nurullah.gur@marmara.edu.tr<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlayan T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gurur ya\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye, 1923\u2019ten sonra sadece Cumhuriyet\u2019i \u00f6z\u00fcmsemeye ve kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131; bir taraftan da geri kalm\u0131\u015f ekonomisini sanayile\u015ftirme yolunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar att\u0131. Kurulu\u015fun ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zorluydu. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda at\u0131l kalan tar\u0131m arazilerinin yeniden devreye girmesi ve kamunun kurdu\u011fu \u00fcretim tesisleriyle ekonomi ivme kazand\u0131. Ancak, 1929 B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u0131 ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, bu ivmeyi s\u00f6n\u00fcmlendirdi. Ekonomi, bu y\u0131llarda liberalizm ve devlet\u00e7ilik aras\u0131nda gitti geldi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131 ve \u00e7ok partili demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015fle birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar elde etti. \u0130thal ikameci sanayile\u015fme stratejisiyle bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ta\u00e7land\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz 1960-1980 d\u00f6nemini ise darbeler ve siyasi kutupla\u015fmayla heder ettik. G\u00fcney Kore\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u0131\u00e7ramay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye de ba\u015farabilirdi. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, o d\u00f6nemki f\u0131rsat penceresini de\u011ferlendiremedik.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

REEL SEKT\u00d6R DENEY\u0130M\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda biraz k\u00fcresel atmosferin bask\u0131s\u0131, biraz da kendi tercihleriyle d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren reel sekt\u00f6r, kendini daha fazla g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi bir alan kazand\u0131. \u0130leride \u00e7ok i\u015fine yarayaca\u011f\u0131 deneyimler elde etti.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1990\u2019lar, k\u00fcresellesmeyi yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netti\u011fimiz, ter\u00f6r\u00fcn can yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir kez daha siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klarla bo\u011fu\u015ftu\u011fumuz y\u0131llar oldu. Y\u00fcksek enflasyon ve b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 makro ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa bir de k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netilen bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi eklenince 2000-2001 krizi patlak verdi. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Krizden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dersler ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla uygulanan yap\u0131sal reformlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin makroekonomik dengeyi yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Kas\u0131m 2002\u2019den sonra olu\u015fan siyasi istikrar, iktisadi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sayede reel sekt\u00f6r, 1990\u2019larda \u00fczerine y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00fc topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinden att\u0131. Reel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn gaza bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ortamda \u00fcretim, istihdam ve ihracat rekorlar k\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130stihdam 20 milyondan\u00a0<\/span>32 milyona, ihracat 36 milyar dolardan 254 milyar dolara y\u00fckseldi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

KALKINMA H\u0130KAYES\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k ser\u00fcveninde T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi kayda de\u011fer bir ilerleme kaydetti. T\u00fcrkiye, bug\u00fcn 905 milyar dolar GSYH ve 10 bin 659 dolar ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen GSYH ile y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclkeler ligine aday bir \u00fclke konumunda. Yine de potansiyel geli\u015fme \u00e7izgimize yak\u0131nsad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemeyiz. T\u00fcrkiye, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk 100 y\u0131l\u0131nda 20 bin dolar ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na GSYH seviyesini zorlayabilirdi. Ter\u00f6r belas\u0131, jeopololitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve siyasi karga\u015falar olmasa, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sa\u011flam bi\u00e7imde kalk\u0131nabilirdi. Belli d\u00f6nemlerde kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z politika hatalar\u0131n\u0131n da ekonomiye patinaj \u00e7ektirdi\u011fini not etmek laz\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ama \u015funun da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir ki, istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kol gezdi\u011fi bu co\u011frafyada kalk\u0131nma hikayesi yazmak kolay de\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye, dinamik reel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet kapasitesiyle bunu ba\u015farabilecek bir \u00fclke. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00fczy\u0131la damgam\u0131z\u0131 vurmak istiyorsak, uzun vadeli yap\u0131sal politikalara daha fazla sab\u0131r g\u00f6stermeli ve reel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 katma de\u011ferli ve teknoloji yo\u011fun alanlara kayd\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru te\u015fvik ve destekleri sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z. Bunu ba\u015farabildi\u011fimiz takdirde T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi, ger\u00e7ek potansiyelini sahaya yans\u0131tabilir. Bu sayede artacak refah, sadece kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015firketlerimizin k\u00fcresel ekonomiden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131 art\u0131rmakla kalmaz, b\u00f6lgesel istikrar ve bar\u0131\u015fa da b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","slug":"cumhuriyetin-100-yilinda-turkiye-ekonomisi","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1698613200r2CE7D70i6dxtaP.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1898,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":9,"name":"NURULLAH","surname":"G\u00dcR","email":"nurullah.gur@marmara.edu.tr","slug":"prof-dr-nurullah-gur","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600zm0eg4EVw1c01iN.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:51:22.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":45037,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":44911,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. NURULLAH G\u00dcR","content":"

nurullah.gur@marmara.edu.tr<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlayan T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gurur ya\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye, 1923\u2019ten sonra sadece Cumhuriyet\u2019i \u00f6z\u00fcmsemeye ve kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131; bir taraftan da geri kalm\u0131\u015f ekonomisini sanayile\u015ftirme yolunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar att\u0131. Kurulu\u015fun ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zorluydu. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda at\u0131l kalan tar\u0131m arazilerinin yeniden devreye girmesi ve kamunun kurdu\u011fu \u00fcretim tesisleriyle ekonomi ivme kazand\u0131. Ancak, 1929 B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u0131 ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, bu ivmeyi s\u00f6n\u00fcmlendirdi. Ekonomi, bu y\u0131llarda liberalizm ve devlet\u00e7ilik aras\u0131nda gitti geldi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131 ve \u00e7ok partili demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015fle birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar elde etti. \u0130thal ikameci sanayile\u015fme stratejisiyle bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ta\u00e7land\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz 1960-1980 d\u00f6nemini ise darbeler ve siyasi kutupla\u015fmayla heder ettik. G\u00fcney Kore\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u0131\u00e7ramay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye de ba\u015farabilirdi. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, o d\u00f6nemki f\u0131rsat penceresini de\u011ferlendiremedik.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

REEL SEKT\u00d6R DENEY\u0130M\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda biraz k\u00fcresel atmosferin bask\u0131s\u0131, biraz da kendi tercihleriyle d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren reel sekt\u00f6r, kendini daha fazla g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi bir alan kazand\u0131. \u0130leride \u00e7ok i\u015fine yarayaca\u011f\u0131 deneyimler elde etti.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1990\u2019lar, k\u00fcresellesmeyi yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netti\u011fimiz, ter\u00f6r\u00fcn can yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir kez daha siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klarla bo\u011fu\u015ftu\u011fumuz y\u0131llar oldu. Y\u00fcksek enflasyon ve b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 makro ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa bir de k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netilen bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi eklenince 2000-2001 krizi patlak verdi. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Krizden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dersler ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla uygulanan yap\u0131sal reformlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin makroekonomik dengeyi yakalamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Kas\u0131m 2002\u2019den sonra olu\u015fan siyasi istikrar, iktisadi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sayede reel sekt\u00f6r, 1990\u2019larda \u00fczerine y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00fc topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinden att\u0131. Reel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn gaza bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ortamda \u00fcretim, istihdam ve ihracat rekorlar k\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130stihdam 20 milyondan\u00a0<\/span>32 milyona, ihracat 36 milyar dolardan 254 milyar dolara y\u00fckseldi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

KALKINMA H\u0130KAYES\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Cumhuriyet\u2019in 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k ser\u00fcveninde T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi kayda de\u011fer bir ilerleme kaydetti. T\u00fcrkiye, bug\u00fcn 905 milyar dolar GSYH ve 10 bin 659 dolar ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen GSYH ile y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclkeler ligine aday bir \u00fclke konumunda. Yine de potansiyel geli\u015fme \u00e7izgimize yak\u0131nsad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemeyiz. T\u00fcrkiye, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk 100 y\u0131l\u0131nda 20 bin dolar ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na GSYH seviyesini zorlayabilirdi. Ter\u00f6r belas\u0131, jeopololitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve siyasi karga\u015falar olmasa, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sa\u011flam bi\u00e7imde kalk\u0131nabilirdi. Belli d\u00f6nemlerde kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z politika hatalar\u0131n\u0131n da ekonomiye patinaj \u00e7ektirdi\u011fini not etmek laz\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ama \u015funun da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir ki, istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kol gezdi\u011fi bu co\u011frafyada kalk\u0131nma hikayesi yazmak kolay de\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye, dinamik reel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devlet kapasitesiyle bunu ba\u015farabilecek bir \u00fclke. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00fczy\u0131la damgam\u0131z\u0131 vurmak istiyorsak, uzun vadeli yap\u0131sal politikalara daha fazla sab\u0131r g\u00f6stermeli ve reel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 katma de\u011ferli ve teknoloji yo\u011fun alanlara kayd\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru te\u015fvik ve destekleri sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z. Bunu ba\u015farabildi\u011fimiz takdirde T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi, ger\u00e7ek potansiyelini sahaya yans\u0131tabilir. Bu sayede artacak refah, sadece kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015firketlerimizin k\u00fcresel ekonomiden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131 art\u0131rmakla kalmaz, b\u00f6lgesel istikrar ve bar\u0131\u015fa da b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","slug":"cumhuriyetin-100-yilinda-turkiye-ekonomisi","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1698613200r2CE7D70i6dxtaP.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1698613200r2CE7D70i6dxtaP.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":1898,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}