{"status":true,"post":{"id":45137,"user_id":2,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2023-11-06 08:11:00","created_at":"2023-11-06T05:11:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2023-11-06T05:11:00.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":45137,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u00c7ip sava\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131cak geli\u015fmeler","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","content":"

fatih@fatihoktay.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

ABD\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00c7in \u00e7ip sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, \u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n cep telefonu, bellek gibi alanlarda \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nlemekten \u00e7ok, yapay zeka sistemleri geli\u015ftirmede kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ipler \u00fcretmelerini engellemek. Ancak \u00c7inli \u015firketlerin becerileri yan\u0131nda, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki zorluklar nedeniyle hedefler tam ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bu g\u00fcnlerdeki bir yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, Biden y\u00f6netiminin bir teknoloji sava\u015f\u0131 ilan etme anlam\u0131na gelen a\u011f\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan sonra \u00c7inli \u00e7ip \u00fcreticilerinin bellerini do\u011frultmas\u0131n\u0131n zor olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Ancak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ana hedefi olan iki \u015firketin, sekt\u00f6r\u00fc hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, beraberinde de yeni, s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar geldi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ANA B\u0130LE\u015eEN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Geli\u015fmelerin geri plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetleyelim: \u00c7ip teknolojisinde geli\u015fmenin ana bile\u015fenini kabaca, bir \u00e7ipte belli bir hacme ka\u00e7 transistor s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00e7ipin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan transistorlar\u0131n ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu olu\u015fturuyor. Bu boyut, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde nanometre (nm) yani milimetrenin milyonda biri d\u00fczeyinde. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ileri teknoloji \u00e7ipleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla 7 nm boyutlar\u0131nda transistorlar i\u00e7eriyorsa da teknolojinin ileri s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 3 nm d\u00fczeyinde. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131n\u0131ra ula\u015fabilen sadece iki \u015firket var: Tayvan\u2019\u0131n TSMC \u015firketi ve onun biraz gerisinden gelen Kore\u2019nin Samsung\u2019u. ABD\u2019nin Intel\u2019i bu iki \u015firketle beraber an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ama ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda geriye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve zar zor 7 nm \u00e7ip \u00fcretimine yak\u0131n zamanda ula\u015fabildi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

EN YAYGIN KULLANIM\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana \u00e7ok fazla beceri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden en ileri \u00e7iplerin en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 cep telefonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda Apple\u2019\u0131n her yeni iPhone i\u00e7in tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni \u00f6zellikleri destekleyecek i\u015flemcilerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 talep, \u00e7ip \u00fcretiminde daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlara gidi\u015fi s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen ana etken oldu. Apple, yeni telefonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni \u00f6zellikleri destekleyecek i\u015flemcilerin teknik tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor, giderek daha \u00e7ok transistor gerektiren i\u015flemcileri belli bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak teknolojiyi de TSMC\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

(bir ara Samsung da) geli\u015ftiriyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

HUAWEI SAHNEYE \u00c7IKTI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda sahneye Huawei de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

O y\u0131l d\u00fcnyada 7 nm i\u015flemci \u00e7ipi i\u00e7eren iki ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon \u00fcreticisi vard\u0131; Apple ve Huawei. Huawei de, Apple gibi kendi i\u015flemcilerinin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor ve bunlar\u0131 TSMC\u2019ye \u00fcrettiriyordu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Huawei k\u00fcresel telefon sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda Apple\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trump y\u00f6netimi Huawei\u2019yi, ABD\u2019li \u015firketlerden \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmet almas\u0131n\u0131 izne ba\u011flayan bir kara listeye ald\u0131. Kara listeye o tarihlerden sonra giderek artan say\u0131larla \u00c7inli teknoloji \u015firketi girdi; say\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 600\u2019\u00fc a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Huawei bu yapt\u0131r\u0131mdan fazla etkilenmedi, kendi \u00e7iplerini kendi tasarlay\u0131p TSMC\u2019ye \u00fcrettirerek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindeki Amerikan \u00e7iplerini ay\u0131klayarak yoluna devam etti ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samsung\u2019u da ge\u00e7erek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon \u00fcreticisi oldu. Bunun \u00fczerine ABD y\u00f6netimi, \u00fcretiminde ABD teknolojisi kullanan yabanc\u0131 \u00fcreticilerin de Huawei\u2019ye \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmet sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Bu, TSMC\u2019nin Huawei\u2019ye cep telefonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flemci \u00fcretememesi anlam\u0131na geliyordu ve Huawei ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon piyasas\u0131ndaki liderli\u011fini kaybetti, ilk 10 aras\u0131nda bile tutunamad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

TEDAR\u0130K ENGEL\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Huawei, telefonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flemcileri \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcrettirebilirdi. \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6nde gelen \u00e7ip \u00fcreticisi SMIC, 14 nm \u00e7ip \u00fcretebiliyordu ve 7 nm \u00fcretime haz\u0131rlan\u0131yordu. Ancak Trump y\u00f6netimi, Hollanda ile anla\u015fma yaparak \u00fclkenin son teknoloji \u00e7ip \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6zelliklere sahip ultraviyole litografi cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki tek \u00fcreticisi ASML firmas\u0131n\u0131n en son teknoloji bu t\u00fcr cihazlar\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ABD y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6ncelikli olarak hedefe oturttu\u011fu bir di\u011fer \u00c7inli firma da bellek \u00e7ipi \u00fcreticisi YMTC idi. \u015eirket, teknolojinin son a\u015famas\u0131 256 katl\u0131 bellek \u00e7ipi \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini olgunla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, kitle \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7meye haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kara listeye al\u0131nd\u0131 ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde gereken cihaz ve malzemeleri yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan temin edemez hale gelince \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l\u0131n bu aylar\u0131nda Biden y\u00f6netiminin a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sert yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar paketi Huawei, YMTC, SMIC ve di\u011fer \u00c7inli \u00fcreticilerin 14 nm\u2019nin ilerisine gitmek bir yana daha geriye d\u00fc\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefliyor; belli firmalar de\u011fil, genel olarak \u00c7in\u2019in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 14 nm ve alt\u0131nda \u00fcretim i\u00e7in gerekli cihaz, malzeme, hizmet, dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

SIKILA\u015eAN \u00c7\u0130P ABLUKASI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Huawei yeni ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonunu tan\u0131tt\u0131. Telefon bir 7 nm i\u015flemci \u00e7ipi i\u00e7eriyordu. Huawei, iPhone i\u015flemcisinde olmayan \u00f6zelliklere sahip son derece etkili bir i\u015flemci tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, SMIC de en son teknoloji olmayan ultraviyole litografi cihazlar\u0131 kullanarak bu i\u015flemciyi 7 nm teknolojisi ile \u00fcretmi\u015fti. Huawei tekrar sahnedeydi. Bunun ard\u0131ndan Biden y\u00f6netiminden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde \u00c7in\u2019e \u00e7ip teknolojisi ablukas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran yeni \u00f6nlemler geldi. Bunlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan da \u00c7inli bir \u00fcreticinin harici disk \u00fcnitesi i\u00e7inde YMTC taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmi\u015f, 256 katl\u0131, analistlerin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en ileri \u00f6zelliklerine sahip olarak niteledikleri bir \u00e7ip oldu\u011fu ke\u015ffedildi. YMTC de yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131n ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme kaydetmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

YAPTIRIMLARIN UYGULANMA ZORLUKLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ABD\u2019nin istedi\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alamamas\u0131nda, \u00c7inli \u015firketlerin becerileri yan\u0131nda, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki zorluklar yat\u0131yor. ABD, \u00c7in\u2019in t\u00fcm \u00e7ip sanayisini kapsayan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulayam\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019in 14 nm\u2019den eski teknoloji \u00e7ip \u00fcretimini sekteye u\u011fratmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ip sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokar. \u00d6te yandan \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ip \u00fcretim cihaz ve malzeme \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pazar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Baz\u0131 firmalar\u0131n gelirlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019den geliyor; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji \u00e7ipleri de kapsama almak bu \u015firketlerin sonu olur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey Japonya, Kore gibi \u00fclkelerin \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri de buna raz\u0131 etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji \u00e7ipleri b\u0131rak\u0131p ileri teknoloji \u00e7ipleri hedeflemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar da ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan istenen d\u00fczeyde etkili olmuyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ABD\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00c7in \u00e7ip sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, \u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n cep telefonu, bellek gibi alanlarda \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nlemekten de \u00e7ok, yapay zeka sistemleri geli\u015ftirmekte kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ipler \u00fcretmelerini engellemek. Bu, yapay zekan\u0131n gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu durum ve gelece\u011fi nedeniyle ABD i\u00e7in en \u00fcst \u00f6ncelik. Son teknolojiye yak\u0131n d\u00fczeylerde \u00e7ip \u00fcretmek de \u00c7in i\u00e7in bunu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu konuyu ileride ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"cip-savasinda-sicak-gelismeler","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1699218000k9SOUzgztBFqu2V.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1761,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":2,"name":"FAT\u0130H","surname":"OKTAY","email":"ozansoy.tuna@akay.com","slug":"fatih-oktay","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600qSRn7kb3ZZVHU3t.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:22.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":45263,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":45137,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u00c7ip sava\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131cak geli\u015fmeler","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","content":"

fatih@fatihoktay.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

ABD\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00c7in \u00e7ip sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, \u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n cep telefonu, bellek gibi alanlarda \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nlemekten \u00e7ok, yapay zeka sistemleri geli\u015ftirmede kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ipler \u00fcretmelerini engellemek. Ancak \u00c7inli \u015firketlerin becerileri yan\u0131nda, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki zorluklar nedeniyle hedefler tam ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bu g\u00fcnlerdeki bir yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, Biden y\u00f6netiminin bir teknoloji sava\u015f\u0131 ilan etme anlam\u0131na gelen a\u011f\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan sonra \u00c7inli \u00e7ip \u00fcreticilerinin bellerini do\u011frultmas\u0131n\u0131n zor olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Ancak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ana hedefi olan iki \u015firketin, sekt\u00f6r\u00fc hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, beraberinde de yeni, s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar geldi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

ANA B\u0130LE\u015eEN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Geli\u015fmelerin geri plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetleyelim: \u00c7ip teknolojisinde geli\u015fmenin ana bile\u015fenini kabaca, bir \u00e7ipte belli bir hacme ka\u00e7 transistor s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00e7ipin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan transistorlar\u0131n ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu olu\u015fturuyor. Bu boyut, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde nanometre (nm) yani milimetrenin milyonda biri d\u00fczeyinde. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ileri teknoloji \u00e7ipleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla 7 nm boyutlar\u0131nda transistorlar i\u00e7eriyorsa da teknolojinin ileri s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 3 nm d\u00fczeyinde. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131n\u0131ra ula\u015fabilen sadece iki \u015firket var: Tayvan\u2019\u0131n TSMC \u015firketi ve onun biraz gerisinden gelen Kore\u2019nin Samsung\u2019u. ABD\u2019nin Intel\u2019i bu iki \u015firketle beraber an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 ama ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda geriye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve zar zor 7 nm \u00e7ip \u00fcretimine yak\u0131n zamanda ula\u015fabildi.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

EN YAYGIN KULLANIM\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana \u00e7ok fazla beceri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finden en ileri \u00e7iplerin en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 cep telefonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda Apple\u2019\u0131n her yeni iPhone i\u00e7in tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni \u00f6zellikleri destekleyecek i\u015flemcilerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 talep, \u00e7ip \u00fcretiminde daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlara gidi\u015fi s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen ana etken oldu. Apple, yeni telefonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni \u00f6zellikleri destekleyecek i\u015flemcilerin teknik tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor, giderek daha \u00e7ok transistor gerektiren i\u015flemcileri belli bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak teknolojiyi de TSMC\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

(bir ara Samsung da) geli\u015ftiriyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

HUAWEI SAHNEYE \u00c7IKTI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda sahneye Huawei de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

O y\u0131l d\u00fcnyada 7 nm i\u015flemci \u00e7ipi i\u00e7eren iki ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon \u00fcreticisi vard\u0131; Apple ve Huawei. Huawei de, Apple gibi kendi i\u015flemcilerinin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor ve bunlar\u0131 TSMC\u2019ye \u00fcrettiriyordu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Huawei k\u00fcresel telefon sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda Apple\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trump y\u00f6netimi Huawei\u2019yi, ABD\u2019li \u015firketlerden \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmet almas\u0131n\u0131 izne ba\u011flayan bir kara listeye ald\u0131. Kara listeye o tarihlerden sonra giderek artan say\u0131larla \u00c7inli teknoloji \u015firketi girdi; say\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 600\u2019\u00fc a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Huawei bu yapt\u0131r\u0131mdan fazla etkilenmedi, kendi \u00e7iplerini kendi tasarlay\u0131p TSMC\u2019ye \u00fcrettirerek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindeki Amerikan \u00e7iplerini ay\u0131klayarak yoluna devam etti ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samsung\u2019u da ge\u00e7erek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon \u00fcreticisi oldu. Bunun \u00fczerine ABD y\u00f6netimi, \u00fcretiminde ABD teknolojisi kullanan yabanc\u0131 \u00fcreticilerin de Huawei\u2019ye \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmet sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Bu, TSMC\u2019nin Huawei\u2019ye cep telefonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flemci \u00fcretememesi anlam\u0131na geliyordu ve Huawei ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon piyasas\u0131ndaki liderli\u011fini kaybetti, ilk 10 aras\u0131nda bile tutunamad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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TEDAR\u0130K ENGEL\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Huawei, telefonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flemcileri \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcrettirebilirdi. \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6nde gelen \u00e7ip \u00fcreticisi SMIC, 14 nm \u00e7ip \u00fcretebiliyordu ve 7 nm \u00fcretime haz\u0131rlan\u0131yordu. Ancak Trump y\u00f6netimi, Hollanda ile anla\u015fma yaparak \u00fclkenin son teknoloji \u00e7ip \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6zelliklere sahip ultraviyole litografi cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki tek \u00fcreticisi ASML firmas\u0131n\u0131n en son teknoloji bu t\u00fcr cihazlar\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi.<\/span><\/p>

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ABD y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6ncelikli olarak hedefe oturttu\u011fu bir di\u011fer \u00c7inli firma da bellek \u00e7ipi \u00fcreticisi YMTC idi. \u015eirket, teknolojinin son a\u015famas\u0131 256 katl\u0131 bellek \u00e7ipi \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini olgunla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, kitle \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7meye haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kara listeye al\u0131nd\u0131 ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde gereken cihaz ve malzemeleri yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan temin edemez hale gelince \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>

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Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l\u0131n bu aylar\u0131nda Biden y\u00f6netiminin a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sert yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar paketi Huawei, YMTC, SMIC ve di\u011fer \u00c7inli \u00fcreticilerin 14 nm\u2019nin ilerisine gitmek bir yana daha geriye d\u00fc\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefliyor; belli firmalar de\u011fil, genel olarak \u00c7in\u2019in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 14 nm ve alt\u0131nda \u00fcretim i\u00e7in gerekli cihaz, malzeme, hizmet, dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/span><\/p>

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SIKILA\u015eAN \u00c7\u0130P ABLUKASI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Huawei yeni ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonunu tan\u0131tt\u0131. Telefon bir 7 nm i\u015flemci \u00e7ipi i\u00e7eriyordu. Huawei, iPhone i\u015flemcisinde olmayan \u00f6zelliklere sahip son derece etkili bir i\u015flemci tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, SMIC de en son teknoloji olmayan ultraviyole litografi cihazlar\u0131 kullanarak bu i\u015flemciyi 7 nm teknolojisi ile \u00fcretmi\u015fti. Huawei tekrar sahnedeydi. Bunun ard\u0131ndan Biden y\u00f6netiminden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde \u00c7in\u2019e \u00e7ip teknolojisi ablukas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran yeni \u00f6nlemler geldi. Bunlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan da \u00c7inli bir \u00fcreticinin harici disk \u00fcnitesi i\u00e7inde YMTC taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmi\u015f, 256 katl\u0131, analistlerin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en ileri \u00f6zelliklerine sahip olarak niteledikleri bir \u00e7ip oldu\u011fu ke\u015ffedildi. YMTC de yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131n ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme kaydetmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>

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YAPTIRIMLARIN UYGULANMA ZORLUKLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

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ABD\u2019nin istedi\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alamamas\u0131nda, \u00c7inli \u015firketlerin becerileri yan\u0131nda, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki zorluklar yat\u0131yor. ABD, \u00c7in\u2019in t\u00fcm \u00e7ip sanayisini kapsayan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulayam\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019in 14 nm\u2019den eski teknoloji \u00e7ip \u00fcretimini sekteye u\u011fratmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ip sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokar. \u00d6te yandan \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ip \u00fcretim cihaz ve malzeme \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pazar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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Baz\u0131 firmalar\u0131n gelirlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019den geliyor; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji \u00e7ipleri de kapsama almak bu \u015firketlerin sonu olur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey Japonya, Kore gibi \u00fclkelerin \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri de buna raz\u0131 etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji \u00e7ipleri b\u0131rak\u0131p ileri teknoloji \u00e7ipleri hedeflemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar da ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan istenen d\u00fczeyde etkili olmuyor.<\/span><\/p>

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ABD\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle Biden y\u00f6netiminin \u00c7in \u00e7ip sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, \u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n cep telefonu, bellek gibi alanlarda \u00f6ne ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6nlemekten de \u00e7ok, yapay zeka sistemleri geli\u015ftirmekte kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ipler \u00fcretmelerini engellemek. Bu, yapay zekan\u0131n gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu durum ve gelece\u011fi nedeniyle ABD i\u00e7in en \u00fcst \u00f6ncelik. Son teknolojiye yak\u0131n d\u00fczeylerde \u00e7ip \u00fcretmek de \u00c7in i\u00e7in bunu olanakl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu konuyu ileride ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"cip-savasinda-sicak-gelismeler","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1699218000k9SOUzgztBFqu2V.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/1699218000k9SOUzgztBFqu2V.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":1761,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}