{"status":true,"post":{"id":25680,"user_id":2,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 15:07:11","created_at":"2021-03-25T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T12:07:11.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":25680,"is_featured":0,"title":"\u00c7in\u2019de ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonu ve T\u00fcrkiye","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

FAT\u0130H OKTAY<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bir zamanlar \u00c7in denince ak\u0131llara bir tas pirince bir g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar gelirdi; i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ucuzdu. Art\u0131k pek \u00f6yle de\u011fil. Bizim gibi \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in bunun \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 var.<\/span>
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\u00c7in\u2019de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkede \u2018k\u00f6yl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019, yabanc\u0131 yaz\u0131nda \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerden kentlere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gelenler olu\u015fturur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen d\u00fczenlemeler ve uygulamalar nedeniyle bunlar kentlerde ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f konumundad\u0131r. Kentlilerin yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sosyal haktan yararlanamazlar, kentlerde beyaz yaka i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede oldu\u011fu gibi gecekondu kurup durumlar\u0131n\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde d\u00fczeltme olanaklar\u0131 da yoktur. Bu insanlar kentlilerin yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fleri yaparlar; fabrikalarda, in\u015faatlarda, restoranlarda garson olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bunlard\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerinin en iyi g\u00f6stergesini bunlar\u0131n \u00fccretleri olu\u015fturur.<\/span>
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\u00c7ALI\u015eMA \u00c7A\u011eINDAK\u0130 N\u00dcFUS AZALIYOR<\/strong><\/span>
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\u00c7in Ulusal \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu verilerine g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu k\u00f6yl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama \u00fccretleri, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin, imalat sanayinde ise 4 bin 500 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131yd\u0131. Bir internet i\u015f bulma sitesinin verilerine g\u00f6re, beyaz yaka i\u015flerde ortalama ise bunun iki kat\u0131 dolaylar\u0131nda bulunuyor. Bunlar, art\u0131k \u2018bir kase pirin\u00e7\u2019 olarak nitelenecek \u00fccretler de\u011fil.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bu, \u00e7ok normal bir geli\u015fme. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama gelir, 40 y\u0131l \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.500 ABD dolar\u0131yken \u00c7in\u2019de <\/span>150 dolard\u0131; 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 4 bin dolarken \u00c7in\u2019de 1.000 dolard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelir 10 bin dolar\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunuyor. Ortalama gelir h\u0131zla artarken, \u00fccretlerin yerinde saymas\u0131 beklenemezdi.<\/span>
<\/span>
Ortalama gelirlerin h\u0131zla artmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcndeki daralma da bu geli\u015fmede rol oynuyor. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bir yaz\u0131da ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi, \u00c7in\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her y\u0131l birka\u00e7 milyon ki\u015fi azal\u0131yor; toplam n\u00fcfus da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz 10 y\u0131l\u0131n i\u00e7inde azalmaya ba\u015flayacak. <\/span>
<\/span>
Art\u0131k i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na oluk oluk yeni giri\u015fler olmamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerdeki y\u00fckseli\u015fe katk\u0131s\u0131 var.<\/span>
<\/span>
ASGAR\u0130 \u00dcCRETTE DEVLET POL\u0130T\u0130KASI<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
Bununla beraber kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lsa \u00fccretler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00fczeylerine gelmezdi; devlet politikalar\u0131 da bu y\u00fckseli\u015fte \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. \u00dclkede bir\u00e7ok di\u011fer ekonomik konuda oldu\u011fu gibi asgari \u00fccretler yerel olarak belirleniyor ama merkezi y\u00f6netim, yerel y\u00f6netimleri belli hedeflere y\u00f6nlendirebiliyor. 2000\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan sonra merkezi y\u00f6netim, yerel y\u00f6netimleri asgari \u00fccretleri enflasyonun \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nlendiriyor. Bu politikan\u0131n ard\u0131nda birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fc bulunuyor. Bunlardan biri, piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fle beraber \u00e7ok bozulmu\u015f olan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmemesi. Bir di\u011fer g\u00fcd\u00fc, \u00c7in sanayisini ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden uzakla\u015fmaya zorlamak. Bir di\u011fer ve giderek \u00f6nem kazanan g\u00fcd\u00fc ise \u00c7in ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde ihracat\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131p i\u00e7 talebinkini art\u0131rmak, bu do\u011frultuda kitlelerin gelir d\u00fczeyleri ve al\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7lerini art\u0131rmak. Bu g\u00fcd\u00fclerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015flar sonucunda \u00c7in\u2019in zengin b\u00f6lgelerinde asgari \u00fccretler i\u015fverene maliyet olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019de asgari \u00fccretler ile ortalama \u00fccretler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck fark bulunuyor; \u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015fkentte asgari \u00fccretler ortalama \u00fccretlerin y\u00fczde 20\u2019si d\u00fczeyinde. Bununla beraber asgari \u00fccretlerdeki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f ortalama \u00fccretleri de yukar\u0131ya itiyor.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bu geli\u015fmeler sonucunda \u00c7in\u2019de ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcreten \u00c7inli ve yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, faaliyetlerini i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Bunlar bir taraftan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in iyi haber de\u011fil; ama bir taraftan da \u00c7in ile rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn giderek artmas\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019e sat\u0131labilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmet yelpazesinin giderek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"cinde-ucuz-isgucunun-sonu-ve-turkiye","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7in\u2019de ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonu ve T\u00fcrkiye","meta_description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1066,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":2,"name":"FAT\u0130H","surname":"OKTAY","email":"ozansoy.tuna@akay.com","slug":"fatih-oktay","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/1733691600qSRn7kb3ZZVHU3t.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-09-15T09:39:41.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T14:51:22.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":25779,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":25680,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u00c7in\u2019de ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonu ve T\u00fcrkiye","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

FAT\u0130H OKTAY<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bir zamanlar \u00c7in denince ak\u0131llara bir tas pirince bir g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar gelirdi; i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ucuzdu. Art\u0131k pek \u00f6yle de\u011fil. Bizim gibi \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in bunun \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 var.<\/span>
<\/span>
\u00c7in\u2019de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkede \u2018k\u00f6yl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019, yabanc\u0131 yaz\u0131nda \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerden kentlere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gelenler olu\u015fturur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen d\u00fczenlemeler ve uygulamalar nedeniyle bunlar kentlerde ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f konumundad\u0131r. Kentlilerin yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sosyal haktan yararlanamazlar, kentlerde beyaz yaka i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede oldu\u011fu gibi gecekondu kurup durumlar\u0131n\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde d\u00fczeltme olanaklar\u0131 da yoktur. Bu insanlar kentlilerin yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fleri yaparlar; fabrikalarda, in\u015faatlarda, restoranlarda garson olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bunlard\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerinin en iyi g\u00f6stergesini bunlar\u0131n \u00fccretleri olu\u015fturur.<\/span>
<\/span>
\u00c7ALI\u015eMA \u00c7A\u011eINDAK\u0130 N\u00dcFUS AZALIYOR<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
\u00c7in Ulusal \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu verilerine g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu k\u00f6yl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama \u00fccretleri, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin, imalat sanayinde ise 4 bin 500 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131yd\u0131. Bir internet i\u015f bulma sitesinin verilerine g\u00f6re, beyaz yaka i\u015flerde ortalama ise bunun iki kat\u0131 dolaylar\u0131nda bulunuyor. Bunlar, art\u0131k \u2018bir kase pirin\u00e7\u2019 olarak nitelenecek \u00fccretler de\u011fil.<\/span>
<\/span>
Bu, \u00e7ok normal bir geli\u015fme. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama gelir, 40 y\u0131l \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.500 ABD dolar\u0131yken \u00c7in\u2019de <\/span>150 dolard\u0131; 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 4 bin dolarken \u00c7in\u2019de 1.000 dolard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelir 10 bin dolar\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunuyor. Ortalama gelir h\u0131zla artarken, \u00fccretlerin yerinde saymas\u0131 beklenemezdi.<\/span>
<\/span>
Ortalama gelirlerin h\u0131zla artmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcndeki daralma da bu geli\u015fmede rol oynuyor. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bir yaz\u0131da ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi, \u00c7in\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her y\u0131l birka\u00e7 milyon ki\u015fi azal\u0131yor; toplam n\u00fcfus da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz 10 y\u0131l\u0131n i\u00e7inde azalmaya ba\u015flayacak. <\/span>
<\/span>
Art\u0131k i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na oluk oluk yeni giri\u015fler olmamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerdeki y\u00fckseli\u015fe katk\u0131s\u0131 var.<\/span>
<\/span>
ASGAR\u0130 \u00dcCRETTE DEVLET POL\u0130T\u0130KASI<\/strong><\/span>
<\/span>
Bununla beraber kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lsa \u00fccretler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00fczeylerine gelmezdi; devlet politikalar\u0131 da bu y\u00fckseli\u015fte \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. \u00dclkede bir\u00e7ok di\u011fer ekonomik konuda oldu\u011fu gibi asgari \u00fccretler yerel olarak belirleniyor ama merkezi y\u00f6netim, yerel y\u00f6netimleri belli hedeflere y\u00f6nlendirebiliyor. 2000\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan sonra merkezi y\u00f6netim, yerel y\u00f6netimleri asgari \u00fccretleri enflasyonun \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nlendiriyor. Bu politikan\u0131n ard\u0131nda birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fc bulunuyor. Bunlardan biri, piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015fle beraber \u00e7ok bozulmu\u015f olan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmemesi. Bir di\u011fer g\u00fcd\u00fc, \u00c7in sanayisini ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden uzakla\u015fmaya zorlamak. Bir di\u011fer ve giderek \u00f6nem kazanan g\u00fcd\u00fc ise \u00c7in ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde ihracat\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131p i\u00e7 talebinkini art\u0131rmak, bu do\u011frultuda kitlelerin gelir d\u00fczeyleri ve al\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7lerini art\u0131rmak. Bu g\u00fcd\u00fclerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015flar sonucunda \u00c7in\u2019in zengin b\u00f6lgelerinde asgari \u00fccretler i\u015fverene maliyet olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019de asgari \u00fccretler ile ortalama \u00fccretler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck fark bulunuyor; \u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015fkentte asgari \u00fccretler ortalama \u00fccretlerin y\u00fczde 20\u2019si d\u00fczeyinde. Bununla beraber asgari \u00fccretlerdeki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f ortalama \u00fccretleri de yukar\u0131ya itiyor.<\/span>
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Bu geli\u015fmeler sonucunda \u00c7in\u2019de ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck katma de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcreten \u00c7inli ve yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, faaliyetlerini i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Bunlar bir taraftan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in iyi haber de\u011fil; ama bir taraftan da \u00c7in ile rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn giderek artmas\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019e sat\u0131labilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmet yelpazesinin giderek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"cinde-ucuz-isgucunun-sonu-ve-turkiye","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"\u00c7in\u2019de ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sonu ve T\u00fcrkiye","meta_description":"FAT\u0130H OKTAY","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1066,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}