<\/p>
\u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinden Kenya ve Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yak\u0131n zamanda Uganda, Tanzanya ve Ruanda da ad\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z ettirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Y\u0131l\u0131n her mevsiminde g\u00fcnde 12 saat ya\u015fanan g\u00fcne\u015fli havalar\u0131n, bu \u00fclkelerde seralara ihtiya\u00e7 hissettirmemesi cazibeyi art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> En \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin krali\u00e7esi olarak bilinen g\u00fcl\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticileri aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 Kenya ve Etiyopya \u00e7ekiyor. Sebzeden daha \u00e7ok kazand\u0131ran \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetleri ise bir demet g\u00fcl fiyat\u0131na. Daha fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketimi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Afrika\u2019da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi ve \u00f6ncesinde yerel sebze, meyve ve tah\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz uluslararas\u0131 pazarlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin sevki s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. Aradan ge\u00e7en yar\u0131m as\u0131r i\u00e7inde \u00f6nce Hollanda ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den gelen yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar, bu yeni \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik kolunu devreye koydu. \u00d6zellikle Hollanda men\u015feli Holland Greentech, k\u0131tada 12 \u00fclkede faal olup sadece Gana\u2019da \u015fimdiye kadar 5 bin ki\u015fiye \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik konusunda e\u011fitim verdi. Avrupal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n zirai t\u00fcm alanlardaki bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ilgi ve alakas\u0131n\u0131n temelinde, bu k\u0131tada \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmenin daha kolay ve \u015fartlar\u0131n \u00e7ok elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131 yat\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> YILIN HER MEVS\u0130M\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zla geli\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle son 25 y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc istikameti Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkeleri oldu. Daha 1960-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bilhassa Avrupal\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcreticilerinin Kenya\u2019y\u0131 tercih etmelerinde en etkin unsur, bu bitki t\u00fcrlerine en elveri\u015fli iklime sahip bulunmas\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Avrupa\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck seralar olmadan y\u0131l\u0131n her mevsiminde \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretilememesi, ayr\u0131ca bu t\u00fcr \u00fcretim mekanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nma maliyeti ile bu alandaki el eme\u011finin \u00fccretlendirilmesinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi de etkili. Haliyle y\u0131l\u0131n her mevsiminde g\u00fcnde 12 saat g\u00fcne\u015fli havalar, Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinde seralara ihtiya\u00e7 hissettirmiyor. Havayolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi art\u0131 masraf\u0131, yerel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyeti ile fazlas\u0131yla telafi ediliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> ALICILAR AVRUPALI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019n\u0131n mangosu, 1998-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi her ge\u00e7en sene nas\u0131l ki hem k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde hem de uluslararas\u0131 pazarlarda ciddi m\u00fc\u015fteri talebiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorsa, \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik de Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6viz kalemlerinden biri. Bilhassa bu sahada dikkati \u00e7eken Kenya\u2019ya en \u00e7ok d\u00f6viz, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130kinci s\u0131rada \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, bunu da turizm ve \u00fcretilen \u00e7ay\u0131n ihracat\u0131 takip ediyor. Sadece \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019sine katk\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 35 oran\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Kenya\u2019daki \u00e7iftliklerde \u00fcretilen \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkeleri ve \u0130ngiltere olup y\u00fczde 45\u2019lik ithalat, Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinden yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Hollanda, \u0130talya, Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika ve Almanya belli ba\u015fl\u0131 di\u011fer al\u0131c\u0131 \u00fclkeler. Son y\u0131llarda Avrupa yan\u0131nda Hindistan ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri de \u00e7i\u00e7ek taleplerini devaml\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor. En \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin krali\u00e7esi olarak bilinen g\u00fcl\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticileri aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 Kenya ve Etiyopya \u00e7ekiyor. D\u00fcnyada y\u0131ll\u0131k 1.2 milyar adet g\u00fcl sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesap edildi\u011finde bunlar\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n Afrika men\u015feli oldu\u011funu kuvvetle muhtemel en b\u00fcy\u00fck al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar bilmiyor. Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 kendi k\u0131talar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7men olarak istemeseler de onlar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00fclleri adeta payla\u015fam\u0131yorlar. Bat\u0131 Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcn yeti\u015fmesine m\u00fcsait de\u011filse de k\u0131tan\u0131n i\u00e7 ve do\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri, adeta g\u00fcl\u00fcn yeni anavatan\u0131 olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> HASSAS \u00d6ZELL\u0130K<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00c7i\u00e7eklerin \u00e7ok hassas \u00f6zelli\u011fi sebebiyle kesildikten sonra h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde en yak\u0131n havaalan\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Kenya\u2019da Nairobi, Etiyopya\u2019da Addis Abeba, Uganda\u2019da Entebbe veya Tanzanya\u2019da Kilimanjaro havaalan\u0131nda en fazla 100 km\u2019lik mesafeleri ile \u00fcr\u00fcnleri derhal gidecekleri \u00fclkelere g\u00f6ndermek \u00fczere havaalan\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Toplam 48 saat i\u00e7inde de t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri tamamlanm\u0131\u015f vaziyette Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Aalsmeer \u015fehrinde bunlar\u0131 pazarlayan 12 bin tedarik\u00e7i ve 3 bin al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda 3 saat i\u00e7inde Ekvator, Fransa, \u0130srail ve Kenya dahil t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerden her g\u00fcn gelen 20 milyon adet \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 tamamlan\u0131p hangi Avrupa \u015fehrine t\u00fcketilmek \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilecekse o s\u00fcre\u00e7ler de bitiriliyor. Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n bu \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn pazarlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve y\u0131ll\u0131k 4 milyar Euro\u2019luk ciro elde ediliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6NC\u00dc \u00dcLKELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Etiyopya, Kenya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik konusunda son 30 y\u0131lda geldi\u011fi seviyeyi sadece bundan 5 sene \u00f6nceki giri\u015fimleri ile yakalad\u0131 ve \u015fimdi Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 konumuna geldi. Hatta son y\u0131llarda \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki seneye g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 500 gibi astronomik art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar oldu. Bu da bu \u00fclkeyi Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ikinci \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclke yapt\u0131. Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in arazi fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutmas\u0131, avantajl\u0131 banka kredileri sa\u011flamas\u0131, gerekli malzeme ithalat\u0131na kolayl\u0131k vermesi, g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergilerine muafiyet uygulamas\u0131 ve gerekli suya eri\u015fimi neredeyse \u00fccretsiz temin etmesi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ilgiyi beraberinde getirdi. 2009\u2019da \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131ndan 140 milyon dolar gelir elde etmesi, bu ilk tedbirlerin tabii sonucu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> G\u00dcL F\u0130YATINA MAA\u015e<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Avrupa\u2019da, Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda belli bir azalma olsa da Do\u011fu Afrikal\u0131 \u00fcreticiler bundan \u00e7ok etkilenmiyordu. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimde 83 Euro ile \u0130svi\u00e7reliler ba\u015fta gelirken, onlar\u0131 59 Euro ile Norve\u00e7liler, 53 Euro ile Hollandal\u0131lar ve 33 Euro ile Frans\u0131zlar takip ediyor. \u00d6zellikle Fransa\u2019da ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda evliliklerin y\u00fczde 34 azalmas\u0131, t\u00fcketimi de do\u011frudan etkilemi\u015f. Avrupa\u2019da bazen bir demet g\u00fcl i\u00e7in \u00f6denen fiyat, Afrika\u2019da bir ayl\u0131k maa\u015f olabiliyor. Zira en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayl\u0131k \u00fccretin 22 Euro\u2019dan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinde en fazla ayl\u0131k \u00fccret, 230 Euro\u2019yu ancak bulabiliyor. D\u00fcnyada bah\u00e7ecilik ve bah\u00e7\u0131vanl\u0131k konusunda ciddi tecr\u00fcbe sahibi Fransa, Avrupa\u2019da \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve peyzaj i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde 60 bin i\u015fletmede 150 bin ki\u015fiye istihdam sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u015eimdilerde Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkeleri de t\u00fcm zirai \u00fcretim sahalar\u0131nda 6 milyondan fazla ki\u015fiye istihdam sa\u011flayan genel tar\u0131m sahalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte de ciddi say\u0131da ki\u015fiye kazan\u00e7 elde ettiriyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> KENYA\u2019NIN KONUMU\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> D\u00fcnya \u00e7i\u00e7ek pazar\u0131, 8.5 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015fan bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahip. Kenya, bu pazarda y\u00fczde 51, Etiyopya y\u00fczde 39.56, Tanzanya y\u00fczde 6.8, Ekvador ise ancak y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik paya sahip. Hen\u00fcz 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kenya \u00c7i\u00e7ek Konseyi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131, bu alan\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temellerine ciddi katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halen bu kurulu\u015f, t\u00fcm ihracat\u0131n y\u00fczde 65\u2019ini d\u00fczenliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Kenya\u2019n\u0131n, \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikten 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 675 milyon dolar gelir elde ettirmesi, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 daha fazla b\u00f6lgeye \u00e7ekti. Binlerce tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isine istihdam sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin son al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015fabilmesi gerekti\u011finden havayolu trafi\u011fine de ciddi m\u00fc\u015fteri kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. T\u00fcm \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin y\u00fczde 85\u2019i u\u00e7aklarla \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Etiyopya Havayollar\u0131, Kenya Havayollar\u0131, Uganda Havayollar\u0131 ve Ruanda Havayollar\u0131 \u015firketlerinin yan\u0131nda Katar gibi \u00fclkelerin havayolu \u015firketi de \u00f6zelik-<\/span><\/p> le bu i\u015f kolu sayesinde kargo u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli bir y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma a\u011f\u0131na sahip.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> SEBZEDEN KAZAN\u00c7LI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Kenya istatistik kurumunun verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00fclkenin ikinci gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131ndan 2021\u2019de 1.4 milyar dolarl\u0131k ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, Kenya\u2019y\u0131 bu alanda daha fazla \u00fcretime sevk etti. 2020\u2019deki Covid-19 ortam\u0131ndan k\u0131smen menfi anlamda etkilense de h\u0131zla toparlan\u0131p y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kenya, turizmden 1 milyar 30 milyon dolar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aydan ise 960 milyon dolar girdi sa\u011flamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ekli\u011fi daha cazip hale getirdi. Haliyle tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli katk\u0131y\u0131 bu s\u00fcs bitkileri yaparak \u00fclke ekonomisinde \u00f6nc\u00fc etkiye sahip. Kenyal\u0131lar, art\u0131k do\u011frudan kurduklar\u0131 dijital pazarla da bir demet g\u00fcl\u00fc 35 ila 120 dolar aras\u0131nda isteyen m\u00fc\u015fterilerine g\u00f6nderebiliyor. \u0130hra\u00e7 edilen \u00e7i\u00e7ek miktar\u0131 sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 146 bin tondan 210 bin tona y\u00fckseldi. 330 milyon dolar gelir getiren sebze ve meyvelere g\u00f6re daha kazan\u00e7l\u0131.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> G\u00dcL\u00dcN D\u0130KEN\u0130 VAR!<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik gibi hassas bir alanda olumlu geli\u015fmeler yan\u0131nda daha fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn elde edebilme pahas\u0131na baz\u0131 ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da az de\u011fil. Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Kenya\u2019da Naivasha G\u00f6l\u00fc, Etiyopya\u2019da Ziway G\u00f6l\u00fc ve Uganda\u2019da Viktorya G\u00f6l\u00fc gibi son derece itina ile korunmas\u0131 gereken g\u00f6l havzalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde yeralt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede t\u00fcketiliyor. Dahas\u0131 kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bunlara temas eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131 yok oluyor. T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, g\u00f6llerdeki bal\u0131k ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor, hatta tamamen yok olmalar\u0131na kadar gidebiliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ise haftada iki defa ila\u00e7lanan \u00e7i\u00e7ek tarlalar\u0131nda, ila\u00e7lamadan yar\u0131m saat sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ettiriliyor ve kimyasallar\u0131n etkisiyle farkl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabiliyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"cicekler-kralicesi-gul-artik-afrikali","tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/16901460008mpiY7tPpW1voW1.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":2044,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":41986,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":41860,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"\u00c7i\u00e7ekler krali\u00e7esi g\u00fcl art\u0131k Afrikal\u0131","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","content":" \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinden Kenya ve Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yak\u0131n zamanda Uganda, Tanzanya ve Ruanda da ad\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z ettirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Y\u0131l\u0131n her mevsiminde g\u00fcnde 12 saat ya\u015fanan g\u00fcne\u015fli havalar\u0131n, bu \u00fclkelerde seralara ihtiya\u00e7 hissettirmemesi cazibeyi art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> En \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin krali\u00e7esi olarak bilinen g\u00fcl\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticileri aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 Kenya ve Etiyopya \u00e7ekiyor. Sebzeden daha \u00e7ok kazand\u0131ran \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetleri ise bir demet g\u00fcl fiyat\u0131na. Daha fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketimi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Afrika\u2019da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi ve \u00f6ncesinde yerel sebze, meyve ve tah\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz uluslararas\u0131 pazarlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin sevki s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. Aradan ge\u00e7en yar\u0131m as\u0131r i\u00e7inde \u00f6nce Hollanda ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den gelen yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar, bu yeni \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik kolunu devreye koydu. \u00d6zellikle Hollanda men\u015feli Holland Greentech, k\u0131tada 12 \u00fclkede faal olup sadece Gana\u2019da \u015fimdiye kadar 5 bin ki\u015fiye \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik konusunda e\u011fitim verdi. Avrupal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n zirai t\u00fcm alanlardaki bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ilgi ve alakas\u0131n\u0131n temelinde, bu k\u0131tada \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmenin daha kolay ve \u015fartlar\u0131n \u00e7ok elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131 yat\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> YILIN HER MEVS\u0130M\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zla geli\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle son 25 y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc istikameti Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkeleri oldu. Daha 1960-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bilhassa Avrupal\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcreticilerinin Kenya\u2019y\u0131 tercih etmelerinde en etkin unsur, bu bitki t\u00fcrlerine en elveri\u015fli iklime sahip bulunmas\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Avrupa\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck seralar olmadan y\u0131l\u0131n her mevsiminde \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretilememesi, ayr\u0131ca bu t\u00fcr \u00fcretim mekanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nma maliyeti ile bu alandaki el eme\u011finin \u00fccretlendirilmesinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi de etkili. Haliyle y\u0131l\u0131n her mevsiminde g\u00fcnde 12 saat g\u00fcne\u015fli havalar, Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinde seralara ihtiya\u00e7 hissettirmiyor. Havayolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi art\u0131 masraf\u0131, yerel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyeti ile fazlas\u0131yla telafi ediliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> ALICILAR AVRUPALI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019n\u0131n mangosu, 1998-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi her ge\u00e7en sene nas\u0131l ki hem k\u0131ta i\u00e7inde hem de uluslararas\u0131 pazarlarda ciddi m\u00fc\u015fteri talebiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorsa, \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik de Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6viz kalemlerinden biri. Bilhassa bu sahada dikkati \u00e7eken Kenya\u2019ya en \u00e7ok d\u00f6viz, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130kinci s\u0131rada \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, bunu da turizm ve \u00fcretilen \u00e7ay\u0131n ihracat\u0131 takip ediyor. Sadece \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019sine katk\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 35 oran\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Kenya\u2019daki \u00e7iftliklerde \u00fcretilen \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkeleri ve \u0130ngiltere olup y\u00fczde 45\u2019lik ithalat, Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinden yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Hollanda, \u0130talya, Fransa, Bel\u00e7ika ve Almanya belli ba\u015fl\u0131 di\u011fer al\u0131c\u0131 \u00fclkeler. Son y\u0131llarda Avrupa yan\u0131nda Hindistan ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri de \u00e7i\u00e7ek taleplerini devaml\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor. En \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin krali\u00e7esi olarak bilinen g\u00fcl\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticileri aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 Kenya ve Etiyopya \u00e7ekiyor. D\u00fcnyada y\u0131ll\u0131k 1.2 milyar adet g\u00fcl sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesap edildi\u011finde bunlar\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n Afrika men\u015feli oldu\u011funu kuvvetle muhtemel en b\u00fcy\u00fck al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar bilmiyor. Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 kendi k\u0131talar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7men olarak istemeseler de onlar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00fclleri adeta payla\u015fam\u0131yorlar. Bat\u0131 Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcn yeti\u015fmesine m\u00fcsait de\u011filse de k\u0131tan\u0131n i\u00e7 ve do\u011fu b\u00f6lgeleri, adeta g\u00fcl\u00fcn yeni anavatan\u0131 olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> HASSAS \u00d6ZELL\u0130K<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00c7i\u00e7eklerin \u00e7ok hassas \u00f6zelli\u011fi sebebiyle kesildikten sonra h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde en yak\u0131n havaalan\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Kenya\u2019da Nairobi, Etiyopya\u2019da Addis Abeba, Uganda\u2019da Entebbe veya Tanzanya\u2019da Kilimanjaro havaalan\u0131nda en fazla 100 km\u2019lik mesafeleri ile \u00fcr\u00fcnleri derhal gidecekleri \u00fclkelere g\u00f6ndermek \u00fczere havaalan\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Toplam 48 saat i\u00e7inde de t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri tamamlanm\u0131\u015f vaziyette Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Aalsmeer \u015fehrinde bunlar\u0131 pazarlayan 12 bin tedarik\u00e7i ve 3 bin al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda 3 saat i\u00e7inde Ekvator, Fransa, \u0130srail ve Kenya dahil t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerden her g\u00fcn gelen 20 milyon adet \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 tamamlan\u0131p hangi Avrupa \u015fehrine t\u00fcketilmek \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilecekse o s\u00fcre\u00e7ler de bitiriliyor. Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n bu \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn pazarlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve y\u0131ll\u0131k 4 milyar Euro\u2019luk ciro elde ediliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00d6NC\u00dc \u00dcLKELER<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Etiyopya, Kenya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik konusunda son 30 y\u0131lda geldi\u011fi seviyeyi sadece bundan 5 sene \u00f6nceki giri\u015fimleri ile yakalad\u0131 ve \u015fimdi Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 konumuna geldi. Hatta son y\u0131llarda \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki seneye g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 500 gibi astronomik art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar oldu. Bu da bu \u00fclkeyi Kenya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ikinci \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclke yapt\u0131. Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in arazi fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutmas\u0131, avantajl\u0131 banka kredileri sa\u011flamas\u0131, gerekli malzeme ithalat\u0131na kolayl\u0131k vermesi, g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergilerine muafiyet uygulamas\u0131 ve gerekli suya eri\u015fimi neredeyse \u00fccretsiz temin etmesi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ilgiyi beraberinde getirdi. 2009\u2019da \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131ndan 140 milyon dolar gelir elde etmesi, bu ilk tedbirlerin tabii sonucu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> G\u00dcL F\u0130YATINA MAA\u015e<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Avrupa\u2019da, Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda belli bir azalma olsa da Do\u011fu Afrikal\u0131 \u00fcreticiler bundan \u00e7ok etkilenmiyordu. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimde 83 Euro ile \u0130svi\u00e7reliler ba\u015fta gelirken, onlar\u0131 59 Euro ile Norve\u00e7liler, 53 Euro ile Hollandal\u0131lar ve 33 Euro ile Frans\u0131zlar takip ediyor. \u00d6zellikle Fransa\u2019da ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda evliliklerin y\u00fczde 34 azalmas\u0131, t\u00fcketimi de do\u011frudan etkilemi\u015f. Avrupa\u2019da bazen bir demet g\u00fcl i\u00e7in \u00f6denen fiyat, Afrika\u2019da bir ayl\u0131k maa\u015f olabiliyor. Zira en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayl\u0131k \u00fccretin 22 Euro\u2019dan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkelerinde en fazla ayl\u0131k \u00fccret, 230 Euro\u2019yu ancak bulabiliyor. D\u00fcnyada bah\u00e7ecilik ve bah\u00e7\u0131vanl\u0131k konusunda ciddi tecr\u00fcbe sahibi Fransa, Avrupa\u2019da \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve peyzaj i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde 60 bin i\u015fletmede 150 bin ki\u015fiye istihdam sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u015eimdilerde Do\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkeleri de t\u00fcm zirai \u00fcretim sahalar\u0131nda 6 milyondan fazla ki\u015fiye istihdam sa\u011flayan genel tar\u0131m sahalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikte de ciddi say\u0131da ki\u015fiye kazan\u00e7 elde ettiriyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> KENYA\u2019NIN KONUMU\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> D\u00fcnya \u00e7i\u00e7ek pazar\u0131, 8.5 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015fan bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahip. Kenya, bu pazarda y\u00fczde 51, Etiyopya y\u00fczde 39.56, Tanzanya y\u00fczde 6.8, Ekvador ise ancak y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik paya sahip. Hen\u00fcz 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kenya \u00c7i\u00e7ek Konseyi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131, bu alan\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temellerine ciddi katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halen bu kurulu\u015f, t\u00fcm ihracat\u0131n y\u00fczde 65\u2019ini d\u00fczenliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Kenya\u2019n\u0131n, \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikten 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 675 milyon dolar gelir elde ettirmesi, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 daha fazla b\u00f6lgeye \u00e7ekti. Binlerce tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isine istihdam sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin son al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015fabilmesi gerekti\u011finden havayolu trafi\u011fine de ciddi m\u00fc\u015fteri kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. T\u00fcm \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin y\u00fczde 85\u2019i u\u00e7aklarla \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Etiyopya Havayollar\u0131, Kenya Havayollar\u0131, Uganda Havayollar\u0131 ve Ruanda Havayollar\u0131 \u015firketlerinin yan\u0131nda Katar gibi \u00fclkelerin havayolu \u015firketi de \u00f6zelik-<\/span><\/p> le bu i\u015f kolu sayesinde kargo u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli bir y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma a\u011f\u0131na sahip.\u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p> SEBZEDEN KAZAN\u00c7LI<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> Kenya istatistik kurumunun verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00fclkenin ikinci gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u0131ndan 2021\u2019de 1.4 milyar dolarl\u0131k ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, Kenya\u2019y\u0131 bu alanda daha fazla \u00fcretime sevk etti. 2020\u2019deki Covid-19 ortam\u0131ndan k\u0131smen menfi anlamda etkilense de h\u0131zla toparlan\u0131p y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kenya, turizmden 1 milyar 30 milyon dolar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aydan ise 960 milyon dolar girdi sa\u011flamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ekli\u011fi daha cazip hale getirdi. Haliyle tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli katk\u0131y\u0131 bu s\u00fcs bitkileri yaparak \u00fclke ekonomisinde \u00f6nc\u00fc etkiye sahip. Kenyal\u0131lar, art\u0131k do\u011frudan kurduklar\u0131 dijital pazarla da bir demet g\u00fcl\u00fc 35 ila 120 dolar aras\u0131nda isteyen m\u00fc\u015fterilerine g\u00f6nderebiliyor. \u0130hra\u00e7 edilen \u00e7i\u00e7ek miktar\u0131 sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 146 bin tondan 210 bin tona y\u00fckseldi. 330 milyon dolar gelir getiren sebze ve meyvelere g\u00f6re daha kazan\u00e7l\u0131.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> G\u00dcL\u00dcN D\u0130KEN\u0130 VAR!<\/span><\/strong><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik gibi hassas bir alanda olumlu geli\u015fmeler yan\u0131nda daha fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn elde edebilme pahas\u0131na baz\u0131 ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da az de\u011fil. Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Kenya\u2019da Naivasha G\u00f6l\u00fc, Etiyopya\u2019da Ziway G\u00f6l\u00fc ve Uganda\u2019da Viktorya G\u00f6l\u00fc gibi son derece itina ile korunmas\u0131 gereken g\u00f6l havzalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde yeralt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede t\u00fcketiliyor. Dahas\u0131 kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bunlara temas eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck canl\u0131 yok oluyor. T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, g\u00f6llerdeki bal\u0131k ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor, hatta tamamen yok olmalar\u0131na kadar gidebiliyor.<\/span><\/p> \u00a0<\/span><\/p> \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ise haftada iki defa ila\u00e7lanan \u00e7i\u00e7ek tarlalar\u0131nda, ila\u00e7lamadan yar\u0131m saat sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ettiriliyor ve kimyasallar\u0131n etkisiyle farkl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabiliyor.<\/span><\/p>","slug":"cicekler-kralicesi-gul-artik-afrikali","orjinalimage":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/16901460008mpiY7tPpW1voW1.webp","news_cover_min":"\/front\/uploads\/blog\/thumbnail\/16901460008mpiY7tPpW1voW1.webp","news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":null,"meta_title":null,"meta_description":null,"meta_keywords":null,"view_count":2044,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}
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