{"status":true,"post":{"id":31884,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 20:54:03","created_at":"2022-03-17T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T17:54:03.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":31884,"is_featured":0,"title":"Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin istikameti T\u00fcrkiye","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 227 milyon olarak ifade ediliyor. Bunlar\u0131n 5.7 milyonu do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00fcniversitede e\u011fitim almak \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7ler. Y\u00fcz binlerce Afrikal\u0131 da; Asyal\u0131lar, Avrupal\u0131lar ve Amerikal\u0131lar gibi ilim neredeyse onu bulup almak istiyor. T\u00fcrkiye de Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin tercih etti\u011fi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131.<\/strong><\/span>
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\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca en a\u011f\u0131r sava\u015flara ra\u011fmen devam eden \u00f6zellikle iki yolculuktan biri ticaret, di\u011feri e\u011fitimdir. On binlerce \u00f6\u011frenci kabul eden \u00fclke, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir o kadar veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok uzak co\u011frafyalara g\u00f6nderebiliyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 bu yolculuk, \u015fimdilerde baz\u0131 devletlerin en \u00f6nemli gelir kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f durumda. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da verilen burslarla bilhassa Afrika\u2019da en zaruri say\u0131daki yeti\u015fmi\u015f insan kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanamaz. Kald\u0131 ki, imk\u00e2n sahibi kimseler, daha iyi e\u011fitim sunan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fcniversitelerde okumak istiyor. Bu da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyal\u0131 gen\u00e7lerin ortak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda.<\/span>
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E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M PAZARI <\/strong><\/span>
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2006 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde bile \u00e7o\u011fu Asya ve Afrika\u2019da olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcney \u00fclkelerinden genelde Avrupa\u2019daki kuzey \u00fclkelerine okumak i\u00e7in gelen \u00f6\u011frencilerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 70 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu, bir anda de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u015fimdilerde g\u00fcney-g\u00fcney etkile\u015fiminin neticesi olarak art\u0131k Avustralya\u2019dan \u00c7in\u2019e, Japonya ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019ye, Hindistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, hatta Afrikal\u0131lar kendi k\u0131talar\u0131ndaki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fcniversitelere ak\u0131n ediyorlar. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de 1.400 kadar Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci varken, bu say\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6rde katlan\u0131p 6 bine, 2018\u2019de ise 81 bine ula\u015ft\u0131. ABD, 5.7 milyonluk global yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin neredeyse alt\u0131da birine denk gelen 987 bin \u00f6\u011frenciye ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Bunu 453 bin ile \u0130ngiltere, 445 bin ile Avustralya, 311 bin ile Almanya, 262 bin ile Rusya ve 230 bin \u00f6\u011frenciyle Fransa takip ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye de 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda bu alanda iddial\u0131 konuma gelmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yaparak d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci bulunduran ilk 10 \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131.<\/span>
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PASTA \u00c7OK B\u00dcY\u00dcK<\/strong><\/span>
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Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte en b\u00fcy\u00fck hedef e\u011fitimdi. Bu, korunmakla birlikte art\u0131k devletler i\u00e7in her alandan sa\u011flanan maddi gelirler bu tarafa da y\u00f6neldi. Bug\u00fcn ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n, hatta Hindistan, Yeni Zelanda gibi \u00fclkelerin de daha fazla \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekmesi y\u00fczlerce milyar dolar\u0131 bulan bu alandan ciddi oranlarda kazan\u00e7 elde etmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Sadece Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n 25 milyar Euro gelir sa\u011flamas\u0131, bir devlet i\u00e7in bulunmaz bir f\u0131rsat. Burada onlar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7eken ise ilim seviyesinin y\u00fcksekli\u011finden ziyade \u0130ngilizce temelli e\u011fitim vermeleri. Hatta Fransa bile yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekerken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 reklamlar\u0131na 1.500 ayr\u0131 program\u0131 bu dille verme gere\u011fini hissediyor. <\/span>
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FRANSIZCA REKABET\u0130N\u0130N B\u0130T\u0130\u015e\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bile yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in y\u00fczlerce \u0130ngilizce program \u00f6nermesi, \u0130ngilizce kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Frans\u0131zca\u2019n\u0131n biti\u015finin i\u015fareti gibi. Yine de yar\u0131\u015ftan tamamen kopulmu\u015f de\u011fil. Hatta Kanada\u2019n\u0131n Quebec b\u00f6lgesinin 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 45 Afrika \u00fclkesinden y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim almak isteyen 16 bin \u00f6\u011frencinin dosyas\u0131na i\u015flem yapmas\u0131, bunun bir g\u00f6stergesi. \u00d6zellikle yak\u0131n gelecekte bizzat bu devletin kendisinin farkl\u0131 i\u015f kollar\u0131nda 150 bin civar\u0131nda yeti\u015fmi\u015f insana ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda sadece e\u011fitim verme de\u011fil, \u015fimdiden insan kayna\u011f\u0131 temini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de yat\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131 Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131zca e\u011fitim veren en \u00f6nemli y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131ndan Laval \u00dcniversitesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir cazibe merkezi ve 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu tarafa Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci kabul\u00fcnde y\u00fczde 60 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Zira yeni gelenlerin y\u00fczde 25\u2019i Afrikal\u0131 oluyor.<\/span>
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Frans\u0131zca\u2019y\u0131 vuran ikinci dalga, sadece \u0130ngilizce\u2019nin artan etkisi de\u011fil, bizzat Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerden istenen kay\u0131t paralar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kat artmas\u0131. D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan okumak i\u00e7in gelen biri, kaydolaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcniversiteye Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 veya AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeden gelenden 16 kat daha fazla \u00f6demek zorunda. <\/span>
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\u00c7\u0130N-H\u0130ND\u0130STAN REKABET\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir de\u011ferlendirmeye g\u00f6re \u0130ngilizce e\u011fitim vermeleri, uygun fiyat \u00f6nerileri ve teknolojik bak\u0131mdan donan\u0131ml\u0131 Hindistan \u00fcniversiteleri, yeni bir istikamete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130kinci Hindistan-Afrika Zirvesi\u2019nde 10 bin Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciye burs verilece\u011fi vaat edilmi\u015fti. Bu, k\u0131smen uygulamaya kondu. 2011-2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019da 7 bin Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci vard\u0131. 2014\u2019te bu say\u0131 10 bini ge\u00e7erken, 2016\u2019da 30 bin \u00f6\u011frenciye ula\u015ft\u0131. Sudan, Nijerya, hatta Kongolu ve Fildi\u015fi Sahili\u2019nden \u00f6\u011frenciler gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
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Hindistan\u2019da kasta dayal\u0131 toplum hayat\u0131n\u0131n Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 menfi anlamda etkiledi\u011fi de bir ger\u00e7ek. Kendi insan\u0131n\u0131n belli bir kesimini bile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen bir toplumda yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin kendilerine huzurlu bir e\u011fitim ortam\u0131 bulmalar\u0131 zordu. \u00d6\u011frencilerin en basitinden Ke\u015fmir meselesi hakk\u0131nda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaz\u0131lar\u0131 bahane edilerek \u00fclkeye giri\u015fleri engellenebiliyordu. Dahas\u0131 ev kiralarken bile ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011framalar\u0131 adeta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde rastlanan bir durum olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Hindistan\u2019da okuyanlar\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck hayat tecr\u00fcbesi, bu \u00fclkeye uyum sa\u011flayan\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerine al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki 30 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fczerinden her y\u0131l 1.000 kadar \u00f6\u011frenciye verilen 100 Euro bursla her ne kadar yurt ve e\u011fitim katk\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lansa da bu, normal ihtiya\u00e7lara bile yeterli olmuyor. Yeni Delhi, bu \u00f6\u011frenci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Pekin ile rekabete girmeyi hesapl\u0131yor. 1955\u2019teki Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Konferans\u0131 d\u00f6neminden itibaren Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilere yer vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu \u00fclkenin 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 18 bin Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciye burs veren \u00c7in ile k\u0131yaslanmas\u0131 zor.<\/span>
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Afrika\u2019dan en fazla \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7eken \u00fclkelerden biri \u00c7in olup 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 81 bin Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7 e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla buraya gitmi\u015fti. Bu say\u0131 toplam yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin y\u00fczde 16.5 kadar\u0131 demekti. Covid-19 \u00f6ncesi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f vard\u0131. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 50 bine ula\u015f\u0131rken, 2016\u2019da 62 bine yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ince \u00f6\u011frenmenin bir Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7 i\u00e7in faydas\u0131, bu \u00fclkenin nas\u0131l kalk\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, Afrika\u2019da artan \u00c7inli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr sebeplere dayan\u0131yor.<\/span>
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YEN\u0130 TREND<\/strong><\/span>
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2000\u2019ler \u00f6ncesinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7; yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na sadece okumak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, gittikleri \u00fclkelerde kal\u0131p bir daha geri d\u00f6nmemeyi hedeflerdi. Bundan b\u00f6yle y\u00fcz binlerce gen\u00e7 diplomalar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Kendi i\u015flerini kurup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, devlet kademelerinde g\u00f6rev alanlar veya k\u0131tan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fclkelerinde farkl\u0131 i\u015f kollar\u0131nda faal olanlar var. Bu durum da yeni bir trend olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/span>
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T\u00dcRK\u0130YE, \u0130LK 10 \u00dcLKE ARASINA G\u0130RD\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde toplamda birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz \u00f6\u011frenciyi bulamayan Afrikal\u0131 gencin \u00fcniversitelerimizde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan ve ard\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla ciddi bir ivme kazand\u0131. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda dura\u011fanla\u015fan bu durum, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019ya ba\u015flayan her alandaki etkile\u015fimden \u00e7abuk etkilendi. <\/span>
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\u015eimdilerde Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm Afrika \u00fclkesinden belirlenen say\u0131daki \u00f6\u011frenciye verdi\u011fi burslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k binlerle ifade ediliyor. Diyanet Vakf\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla gelenler yan\u0131nda 30 binin \u00fczerinde Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin devlet veya \u00f6zel her \u00fcniversitesinde okuyor. T\u00fcrkiye, yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci kabul\u00fcnde d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda son 20 y\u0131ldaki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ilk 10 \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Afrika \u00fclkelerinden artarak devam eden \u00f6\u011frenci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; Somali, \u00c7ad, M\u0131s\u0131r, Libya, Cezayir ve Senegal \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda. Karab\u00fck \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin hedefledi\u011fi 15 bin yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler olu\u015fturuyor.Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa \u00dcniversitesi de <\/span>
5 bin 500 yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci hedefinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinden al\u0131yor. Art\u0131k her \u015fehrimizde y\u00fczlerce Afrikal\u0131 gencin e\u011fitim almas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 54 \u00fclkesi bulunan k\u0131tada \u015fehir \u015fehir tan\u0131nmas\u0131na da vesile oluyor. Bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde kendi imkanlar\u0131 ile okuduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi anlamda da ekonomimize maddi katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar.<\/span>
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K\u00d6KL\u00dc KURUMLAR<\/strong><\/span>
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S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik \u00f6ncesinde Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00f6zellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde gelenek haline gelmi\u015f e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 mevcuttu. Aralar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r, Fas, Cezayir, Tunus, Mali, Nijerya gibi farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalara ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Ezher, Zeyt\u00fbne, Karaviyyin ve Timbuktu medreseleri, on binlerce \u00f6\u011frenciye e\u011fitim veriyordu. Avrupal\u0131lar bir anda a\u00e7 kurtlar gibi k\u0131taya aband\u0131klar\u0131nda ilk el att\u0131klar\u0131 alanlardan biri, kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilin\u00e7lenmenin odak merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slami e\u011fitim temelli e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yd\u0131 ve hepsini kapatt\u0131lar. Yerlerine misyonerlere yeni okullar a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131lar ve Fransa bu anlamda medreseler dahi a\u00e7t\u0131. Yap\u0131lan faaliyeti \u00f6zellikle kendi toplumuna ahl\u00e2ki fetih olarak takdim ediyordu. Ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundaki bu uygulaman\u0131n neticesinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kendi e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ihya edip geli\u015ftiremedi. Haliyle k\u0131tan\u0131n gen\u00e7leri ilim yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca bekledi. Nihayet 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l, onlara pek \u00e7ok alan gibi e\u011fitimde de yeni f\u0131rsatlar sundu ve 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k a\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/span>
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AFR\u0130KA \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TELER\u0130N\u0130N CAZ\u0130BES\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Ba\u015fka \u00fclke ve k\u0131talara \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderen Afrika, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenci de al\u0131yor. Halen sadece Fransa\u2019da 14 bin kadar \u00f6\u011frencisi bulunan Senegal, ayn\u0131 zamanda Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da G\u00fcney Afrika ve Uganda\u2019dan sonra en fazla \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7eken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke konumunda. 185 bin olan toplam \u00f6\u011frencisinin y\u00fczde 10\u2019u, yani 18 binden fazlas\u0131 k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden gelenlerden olu\u015fuyor. Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fulan \u00fclke gen\u00e7leri kadar \u0130ngilizce resmi dili olan Moritus ve Malavi\u2019den y\u00fczlerce \u00f6\u011frencinin tercihi Cheikh Anta Diop \u00dcniversitesi. Yine k\u0131tan\u0131n ilk a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcniversitelerinden biri, Senegal A\u00e7\u0131k \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcniversitesi olup 50 binden fazla \u00f6\u011frencisi ile \u00fclkenin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumu.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"afrikali-ogrencinin-istikameti-turkiye","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin istikameti T\u00fcrkiye","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1652,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":31983,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":31884,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin istikameti T\u00fcrkiye","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 227 milyon olarak ifade ediliyor. Bunlar\u0131n 5.7 milyonu do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00fcniversitede e\u011fitim almak \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7ler. Y\u00fcz binlerce Afrikal\u0131 da; Asyal\u0131lar, Avrupal\u0131lar ve Amerikal\u0131lar gibi ilim neredeyse onu bulup almak istiyor. T\u00fcrkiye de Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin tercih etti\u011fi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131.<\/strong><\/span>
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\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca en a\u011f\u0131r sava\u015flara ra\u011fmen devam eden \u00f6zellikle iki yolculuktan biri ticaret, di\u011feri e\u011fitimdir. On binlerce \u00f6\u011frenci kabul eden \u00fclke, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir o kadar veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok uzak co\u011frafyalara g\u00f6nderebiliyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 bu yolculuk, \u015fimdilerde baz\u0131 devletlerin en \u00f6nemli gelir kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f durumda. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da verilen burslarla bilhassa Afrika\u2019da en zaruri say\u0131daki yeti\u015fmi\u015f insan kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanamaz. Kald\u0131 ki, imk\u00e2n sahibi kimseler, daha iyi e\u011fitim sunan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fcniversitelerde okumak istiyor. Bu da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyal\u0131 gen\u00e7lerin ortak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda.<\/span>
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E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M PAZARI <\/strong><\/span>
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2006 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde bile \u00e7o\u011fu Asya ve Afrika\u2019da olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcney \u00fclkelerinden genelde Avrupa\u2019daki kuzey \u00fclkelerine okumak i\u00e7in gelen \u00f6\u011frencilerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 70 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu, bir anda de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u015fimdilerde g\u00fcney-g\u00fcney etkile\u015fiminin neticesi olarak art\u0131k Avustralya\u2019dan \u00c7in\u2019e, Japonya ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019ye, Hindistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, hatta Afrikal\u0131lar kendi k\u0131talar\u0131ndaki tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00fcniversitelere ak\u0131n ediyorlar. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de 1.400 kadar Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci varken, bu say\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6rde katlan\u0131p 6 bine, 2018\u2019de ise 81 bine ula\u015ft\u0131. ABD, 5.7 milyonluk global yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin neredeyse alt\u0131da birine denk gelen 987 bin \u00f6\u011frenciye ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Bunu 453 bin ile \u0130ngiltere, 445 bin ile Avustralya, 311 bin ile Almanya, 262 bin ile Rusya ve 230 bin \u00f6\u011frenciyle Fransa takip ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye de 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda bu alanda iddial\u0131 konuma gelmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yaparak d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci bulunduran ilk 10 \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131.<\/span>
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PASTA \u00c7OK B\u00dcY\u00dcK<\/strong><\/span>
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Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte en b\u00fcy\u00fck hedef e\u011fitimdi. Bu, korunmakla birlikte art\u0131k devletler i\u00e7in her alandan sa\u011flanan maddi gelirler bu tarafa da y\u00f6neldi. Bug\u00fcn ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n, hatta Hindistan, Yeni Zelanda gibi \u00fclkelerin de daha fazla \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekmesi y\u00fczlerce milyar dolar\u0131 bulan bu alandan ciddi oranlarda kazan\u00e7 elde etmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Sadece Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n 25 milyar Euro gelir sa\u011flamas\u0131, bir devlet i\u00e7in bulunmaz bir f\u0131rsat. Burada onlar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7eken ise ilim seviyesinin y\u00fcksekli\u011finden ziyade \u0130ngilizce temelli e\u011fitim vermeleri. Hatta Fransa bile yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekerken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 reklamlar\u0131na 1.500 ayr\u0131 program\u0131 bu dille verme gere\u011fini hissediyor. <\/span>
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FRANSIZCA REKABET\u0130N\u0130N B\u0130T\u0130\u015e\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bile yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in y\u00fczlerce \u0130ngilizce program \u00f6nermesi, \u0130ngilizce kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Frans\u0131zca\u2019n\u0131n biti\u015finin i\u015fareti gibi. Yine de yar\u0131\u015ftan tamamen kopulmu\u015f de\u011fil. Hatta Kanada\u2019n\u0131n Quebec b\u00f6lgesinin 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 45 Afrika \u00fclkesinden y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim almak isteyen 16 bin \u00f6\u011frencinin dosyas\u0131na i\u015flem yapmas\u0131, bunun bir g\u00f6stergesi. \u00d6zellikle yak\u0131n gelecekte bizzat bu devletin kendisinin farkl\u0131 i\u015f kollar\u0131nda 150 bin civar\u0131nda yeti\u015fmi\u015f insana ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda sadece e\u011fitim verme de\u011fil, \u015fimdiden insan kayna\u011f\u0131 temini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de yat\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131 Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131zca e\u011fitim veren en \u00f6nemli y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131ndan Laval \u00dcniversitesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir cazibe merkezi ve 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu tarafa Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci kabul\u00fcnde y\u00fczde 60 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Zira yeni gelenlerin y\u00fczde 25\u2019i Afrikal\u0131 oluyor.<\/span>
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Frans\u0131zca\u2019y\u0131 vuran ikinci dalga, sadece \u0130ngilizce\u2019nin artan etkisi de\u011fil, bizzat Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerden istenen kay\u0131t paralar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kat artmas\u0131. D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan okumak i\u00e7in gelen biri, kaydolaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcniversiteye Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 veya AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeden gelenden 16 kat daha fazla \u00f6demek zorunda. <\/span>
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\u00c7\u0130N-H\u0130ND\u0130STAN REKABET\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir de\u011ferlendirmeye g\u00f6re \u0130ngilizce e\u011fitim vermeleri, uygun fiyat \u00f6nerileri ve teknolojik bak\u0131mdan donan\u0131ml\u0131 Hindistan \u00fcniversiteleri, yeni bir istikamete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130kinci Hindistan-Afrika Zirvesi\u2019nde 10 bin Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciye burs verilece\u011fi vaat edilmi\u015fti. Bu, k\u0131smen uygulamaya kondu. 2011-2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019da 7 bin Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci vard\u0131. 2014\u2019te bu say\u0131 10 bini ge\u00e7erken, 2016\u2019da 30 bin \u00f6\u011frenciye ula\u015ft\u0131. Sudan, Nijerya, hatta Kongolu ve Fildi\u015fi Sahili\u2019nden \u00f6\u011frenciler gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>
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Hindistan\u2019da kasta dayal\u0131 toplum hayat\u0131n\u0131n Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 menfi anlamda etkiledi\u011fi de bir ger\u00e7ek. Kendi insan\u0131n\u0131n belli bir kesimini bile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen bir toplumda yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin kendilerine huzurlu bir e\u011fitim ortam\u0131 bulmalar\u0131 zordu. \u00d6\u011frencilerin en basitinden Ke\u015fmir meselesi hakk\u0131nda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaz\u0131lar\u0131 bahane edilerek \u00fclkeye giri\u015fleri engellenebiliyordu. Dahas\u0131 ev kiralarken bile ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011framalar\u0131 adeta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde rastlanan bir durum olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Hindistan\u2019da okuyanlar\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck hayat tecr\u00fcbesi, bu \u00fclkeye uyum sa\u011flayan\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerine al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki 30 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fczerinden her y\u0131l 1.000 kadar \u00f6\u011frenciye verilen 100 Euro bursla her ne kadar yurt ve e\u011fitim katk\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lansa da bu, normal ihtiya\u00e7lara bile yeterli olmuyor. Yeni Delhi, bu \u00f6\u011frenci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Pekin ile rekabete girmeyi hesapl\u0131yor. 1955\u2019teki Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Konferans\u0131 d\u00f6neminden itibaren Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilere yer vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu \u00fclkenin 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 18 bin Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciye burs veren \u00c7in ile k\u0131yaslanmas\u0131 zor.<\/span>
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Afrika\u2019dan en fazla \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7eken \u00fclkelerden biri \u00c7in olup 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 81 bin Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7 e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla buraya gitmi\u015fti. Bu say\u0131 toplam yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin y\u00fczde 16.5 kadar\u0131 demekti. Covid-19 \u00f6ncesi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f vard\u0131. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 50 bine ula\u015f\u0131rken, 2016\u2019da 62 bine yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ince \u00f6\u011frenmenin bir Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7 i\u00e7in faydas\u0131, bu \u00fclkenin nas\u0131l kalk\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, Afrika\u2019da artan \u00c7inli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr sebeplere dayan\u0131yor.<\/span>
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YEN\u0130 TREND<\/strong><\/span>
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2000\u2019ler \u00f6ncesinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7; yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na sadece okumak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, gittikleri \u00fclkelerde kal\u0131p bir daha geri d\u00f6nmemeyi hedeflerdi. Bundan b\u00f6yle y\u00fcz binlerce gen\u00e7 diplomalar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Kendi i\u015flerini kurup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, devlet kademelerinde g\u00f6rev alanlar veya k\u0131tan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fclkelerinde farkl\u0131 i\u015f kollar\u0131nda faal olanlar var. Bu durum da yeni bir trend olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/span>
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T\u00dcRK\u0130YE, \u0130LK 10 \u00dcLKE ARASINA G\u0130RD\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde toplamda birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz \u00f6\u011frenciyi bulamayan Afrikal\u0131 gencin \u00fcniversitelerimizde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan ve ard\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla ciddi bir ivme kazand\u0131. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda dura\u011fanla\u015fan bu durum, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019ya ba\u015flayan her alandaki etkile\u015fimden \u00e7abuk etkilendi. <\/span>
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\u015eimdilerde Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm Afrika \u00fclkesinden belirlenen say\u0131daki \u00f6\u011frenciye verdi\u011fi burslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k binlerle ifade ediliyor. Diyanet Vakf\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla gelenler yan\u0131nda 30 binin \u00fczerinde Afrikal\u0131 gen\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin devlet veya \u00f6zel her \u00fcniversitesinde okuyor. T\u00fcrkiye, yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci kabul\u00fcnde d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda son 20 y\u0131ldaki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ile ilk 10 \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Afrika \u00fclkelerinden artarak devam eden \u00f6\u011frenci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; Somali, \u00c7ad, M\u0131s\u0131r, Libya, Cezayir ve Senegal \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda. Karab\u00fck \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin hedefledi\u011fi 15 bin yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler olu\u015fturuyor.Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa \u00dcniversitesi de <\/span>
5 bin 500 yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci hedefinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinden al\u0131yor. Art\u0131k her \u015fehrimizde y\u00fczlerce Afrikal\u0131 gencin e\u011fitim almas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 54 \u00fclkesi bulunan k\u0131tada \u015fehir \u015fehir tan\u0131nmas\u0131na da vesile oluyor. Bu \u00f6\u011frencilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde kendi imkanlar\u0131 ile okuduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi anlamda da ekonomimize maddi katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar.<\/span>
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K\u00d6KL\u00dc KURUMLAR<\/strong><\/span>
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S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik \u00f6ncesinde Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00f6zellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde gelenek haline gelmi\u015f e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 mevcuttu. Aralar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r, Fas, Cezayir, Tunus, Mali, Nijerya gibi farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalara ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Ezher, Zeyt\u00fbne, Karaviyyin ve Timbuktu medreseleri, on binlerce \u00f6\u011frenciye e\u011fitim veriyordu. Avrupal\u0131lar bir anda a\u00e7 kurtlar gibi k\u0131taya aband\u0131klar\u0131nda ilk el att\u0131klar\u0131 alanlardan biri, kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilin\u00e7lenmenin odak merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slami e\u011fitim temelli e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131yd\u0131 ve hepsini kapatt\u0131lar. Yerlerine misyonerlere yeni okullar a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131lar ve Fransa bu anlamda medreseler dahi a\u00e7t\u0131. Yap\u0131lan faaliyeti \u00f6zellikle kendi toplumuna ahl\u00e2ki fetih olarak takdim ediyordu. Ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundaki bu uygulaman\u0131n neticesinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kendi e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ihya edip geli\u015ftiremedi. Haliyle k\u0131tan\u0131n gen\u00e7leri ilim yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca bekledi. Nihayet 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l, onlara pek \u00e7ok alan gibi e\u011fitimde de yeni f\u0131rsatlar sundu ve 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k a\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/span>
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AFR\u0130KA \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TELER\u0130N\u0130N CAZ\u0130BES\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Ba\u015fka \u00fclke ve k\u0131talara \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderen Afrika, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenci de al\u0131yor. Halen sadece Fransa\u2019da 14 bin kadar \u00f6\u011frencisi bulunan Senegal, ayn\u0131 zamanda Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da G\u00fcney Afrika ve Uganda\u2019dan sonra en fazla \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7eken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke konumunda. 185 bin olan toplam \u00f6\u011frencisinin y\u00fczde 10\u2019u, yani 18 binden fazlas\u0131 k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden gelenlerden olu\u015fuyor. Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fulan \u00fclke gen\u00e7leri kadar \u0130ngilizce resmi dili olan Moritus ve Malavi\u2019den y\u00fczlerce \u00f6\u011frencinin tercihi Cheikh Anta Diop \u00dcniversitesi. Yine k\u0131tan\u0131n ilk a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcniversitelerinden biri, Senegal A\u00e7\u0131k \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcniversitesi olup 50 binden fazla \u00f6\u011frencisi ile \u00fclkenin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim kurumu.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"afrikali-ogrencinin-istikameti-turkiye","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Afrikal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin istikameti T\u00fcrkiye","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1652,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}