{"status":true,"post":{"id":30754,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 16:36:10","created_at":"2022-01-20T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T13:36:10.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":30754,"is_featured":0,"title":"Afrika savunmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye de var","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Son y\u0131llarda uluslararas\u0131 medya organlar\u0131n\u0131n ana g\u00fcndemlerinden birini, Afrika \u00fclkelerinin savunma sanayine y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. 54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkenin bulundu\u011fu Afrika\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fclke kendi savunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim yaparken, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle ithalat ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Pazardaki aslan pay\u0131n\u0131 Fransa al\u0131rken, T\u00fcrk savunma sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de son y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. En \u00e7ok sipari\u015f ise insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131na geliyor.<\/strong><\/span>
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20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Asya, Amerika ve bilhassa Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131nda birbiri ard\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde eden \u00fclkelerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck derdi, s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fular\u0131yla ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131. Dahas\u0131, en \u00e7ok da her birinin kendi i\u00e7inde arkas\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kesilmeyen ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ideolojik hareketlerle m\u00fccadelelerinden bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc vazge\u00e7memeleri. Bunda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin kurduklar\u0131 emanet\u00e7i merkezi iktidarlara direnen \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k isteyen ve yeni devlet kurma ama\u00e7l\u0131 silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin k\u0131tan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda faal olmalar\u0131 da etkiliydi. <\/span>
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TER\u00d6R \u00d6RG\u00dcTLER\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk 20 y\u0131l\u0131na adeta damga vuranlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u0130slam dini ile ilgili gibi g\u00f6sterilerek faaliyet g\u00f6sterenlerle uluslararas\u0131 boyutta m\u00fccadele edilmesiydi. Asl\u0131nda Somali\u2019deki E\u015f-\u015eebab\u2019dan, Nijerya, Nijer, Kamerun ve \u00c7ad ortak s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerindeki Boko Haram\u2019dan, Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki Ma\u011frip El-Kaidesi\u2019nden, yine bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede eylem yapan DAE\u015e benzeri yap\u0131lardan en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve zararlar\u0131, bizzat \u0130slamiyeti ya\u015fayanlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Art\u0131k \u0130slam ad\u0131na kurulduklar\u0131 iddia edilen ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara zarar vermekten ba\u015fka amac\u0131 olmayan tedhi\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden, Afrika\u2019da n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan \u00fclkeler yan\u0131nda bu inan\u00e7 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir topluluk halinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 devletler de ciddi zararlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki Marksist ve Leninist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin tahribatlar\u0131n\u0131n izleri silindi derken yenilerinin birbiri ard\u0131na ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden her \u00fclke kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in en kolay olan\u0131 tercih ediyor ki, o da silahlanmadan ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn bulunamamas\u0131.<\/span>
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SAVUNMAYA Y\u00d6NEL\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/span>
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54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkesi bulunan Afrika\u2019da kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin birbirleri ile sava\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok nadirdir. Ama herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki bir b\u00f6lgenin Etiyopya\u2019da \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunun Eritre ad\u0131yla 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Sudan\u2019da ise \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyinin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcney Sudan ad\u0131yla merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden ayr\u0131larak yeni devletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 istisnai durumdur. Somali\u2019de Somaliland, Komorlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nde \u00f6zellikle bir adan\u0131n ayr\u0131lma giri\u015fimi, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019da Tuareg meselesi hep s\u0131cak g\u00fcndemler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Senegal ile Moritanya\u2019n\u0131n ciddi bir sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finden d\u00f6nmeleri, Cezayir ile Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise \u0130spanyollar \u00e7ekildikten sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde edemeyen Bat\u0131 Sahra meselesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden zaman zaman \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelmeleri, hatta buna dayal\u0131 olarak da 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri bu iki dost ve karde\u015f \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyenler de var. T\u00fcm bunlar ve belki sadece i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fin daimi k\u0131l\u0131nma arzusu, k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerini acilen ve f\u0131rsat bulduklar\u0131 her an silahlanmaya te\u015fvik ediyor. <\/span>
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HER T\u00dcRL\u00dc \u00dcR\u00dcN<\/strong><\/span>
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Her bir \u00fclkeye askeri malzeme satmak denilince sadece silah\u0131n akla gelmemesi gerekiyor. Zira asker say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131k\u00e7a bunlar\u0131n askeri k\u0131yafetleri ve ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131, kalacaklar\u0131 mekanlar, hastaland\u0131klar\u0131nda veya bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada yaraland\u0131klar\u0131nda tedavi olacaklar\u0131 hastaneler ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak bir yerden di\u011ferine intikallerini sa\u011flayacak ara\u00e7lar\u0131n temini de ciddi bir pazar konusu. Eskiden bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile temin edip olabildi\u011fi kadar idare ederlerdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hem ihtiya\u00e7 artt\u0131 hem de bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri alabilecekleri yeni pazarlama \u015firketleri k\u0131tan\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinde adeta m\u00fc\u015fteri bulmak i\u00e7in cirit at\u0131yor.<\/span>
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TR\u0130LYON DOLARLIK PAZAR<\/strong><\/span>
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Merkezi Stockholm\u2019de bulunan Uluslararas\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (SIPRI) verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00c7in \u015firketleri hari\u00e7, savunma sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck 100 \u015firket, 2018\u2019de420 milyar dolarl\u0131k silah ve askeri hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yapt\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, en b\u00fcy\u00fck 100 \u015firket, raporun tutulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2002\u2019den itibaren y\u00fczde 47 daha fazla silah ve askeri hizmet satm\u0131\u015f oldu. Hesaplamaya \u00c7in \u015firketleri ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck 100 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakileri de dahil etti\u011fimiz zaman d\u00fcnya silah sanayinde trilyon dolarl\u0131k bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz ger\u00e7e\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu. Silahlanma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 temin eden \u00fclkelerin s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 seneden seneye de\u011fi\u015febiliyor. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD, Rusya, Fransa, \u00c7in ve Almanya ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
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ASLAN PAYI FRANSA\u2019YA <\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika\u2019n\u0131n silahlanmas\u0131nda aslan pay\u0131n\u0131 alarak sat\u0131\u015f yapan \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa geliyor. K\u0131tadaki silahlanmalarda temel dayanak, her bir devletin milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde hakimiyetini ayakta tutmas\u0131, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131. \u00dclkelerin al\u0131mlar\u0131 seneden seneye ciddi oranlarda de\u011fi\u015febiliyor. Frans\u0131z silah \u015firketlerinin fazla sat\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler ise Kuzey Afrika b\u00f6lgesindekiler. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fas\u2019\u0131n 425.9 milyon Euro\u2019luk m\u00fc\u015fterisi olmas\u0131, kom\u015fusu Cezayir\u2019in 41.1 milyon Euro\u2019luk al\u0131\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bulunuyor. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fas 81.6 milyon Euro, Cezayir ise sadece 11.7 milyon Euro de\u011ferinde askeri malzeme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/span>
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Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da en \u00f6nemli m\u00fc\u015fterisi M\u0131s\u0131r oldu. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni sipari\u015flerin de\u011feri 2 milyar Euro seviyesindeydi. Net sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 1.3 milyar Euro idi. \u00c7ok fazla silah satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ise Cezayir, Senegal, Kamerun, Bostvana, G\u00fcney Afrika, Mali, Gabon, Togo ve Tunus\u2019tu. Sipari\u015f veren \u00fclkeler s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda da yine M\u0131s\u0131r 623 milyon Euro ile ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken, onu 304.2 milyon Euro ile Bostvana ikinci s\u0131rada takip etti. Bostvana\u2019y\u0131; Fas, Cezayir, Nijerya, G\u00fcney Afrika, Tunus, Kamerun, Uganda, Somali ve Etiyopya izledi. Asl\u0131nda son iki sene, Fransa silah sanayi i\u00e7in ciddi kazanc\u0131n elde edildi\u011fi y\u0131llar oldu. \u00d6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n konumu piramitlerden Frans\u0131zlara selama durulmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclke, ba\u015fta Rafale u\u00e7aklar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 2012-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na 3 milyar Euro\u2019luk silahlanmada tercihini Paris\u2019ten yana koydu. Senegal\u2019in Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki 48 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda sadece 2020\u2019de Fransa\u2019da 217.2 milyon Euro\u2019luk silahlanmaya y\u00f6nelik al\u0131\u015f yapmas\u0131, \u00fclke tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kaynak aktarmas\u0131 sebebiyle olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir rakam olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Oysa 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u00fclkeden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahlanma tutar\u0131 sadece 2.5 milyon Euro idi. 2011-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise toplam 361.3 milyon Euro\u2019luk askeri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131zlardan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunu 44.7 milyon Euro ile Nijerya ve 29.8 milyon Euro ile de Kamerun takip etmi\u015fti. Senegal\u2019in do\u011fusundaki kom\u015fusu Mali, 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda girdi\u011fi ciddi i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Fransa\u2019ya 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 19.5 milyon Euro\u2019luk silahlanma sipari\u015fi verdi.<\/span>
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S\u0130PAR\u0130\u015eLER \u0130HA\u2019LARA YO\u011eUNLA\u015eIYOR<\/strong><\/span>
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Savunma sanayinde s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere yegane tercih olarak ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131tada art\u0131k Rusya, \u00c7in ve Hindistan gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Pakistan, G\u00fcney Kore, Hindistan, Endonezya, Singapur, Brezilya ve \u0130srail de ciddi anlamda kendilerinden s\u00f6z ettiriyor. Mali Cumhuriyeti gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nden askeri malzeme temin ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye, bilhassa son y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019da ciddi anlamda insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (\u0130HA) i\u00e7in sipari\u015f al\u0131rken, bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde askeri \u00fcretim yapan firmalar\u0131m\u0131z onlarca Afrika \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda kendilerinden malzeme tedarik eden m\u00fc\u015fterileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z da Afrika \u00fclkelerinde yerlerini al\u0131yor. <\/span>
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\u00dcRET\u0130M YAPAB\u0130LEN AFR\u0130KA \u00dcLKELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Bilhassa G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da, Apartheid d\u00f6neminde Avrupa as\u0131ll\u0131lar, kendi silah fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131. \u015eimdilerde bu i\u015fletmeler sayesinde \u00fclke kendi ihtiyac\u0131 olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da askeri malzemeleri \u00fcretebiliyor. Haliyle bu imkan ona, Afrika\u2019da Bat\u0131l\u0131 olmayan silah \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir konum sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Buna ilaveten Hindistan ve Brezilya ile de ciddi ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunuyor. Askerlerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda gerekli helikopterin \u00fcretimi, z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar, askeri kamyonlar ve t\u00fcfekler ilk akla gelen \u00fcretimler. Etiyopya da uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r baz\u0131 silahlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00fcreten \u00fclkelerden biri konumunda. Bunu M\u0131s\u0131r, Gana, Kenya, Nijerya, Sudan, Tanzanya, Namibya, Uganda ve Zimbabve izliyor. Bir\u00e7ok Afrikal\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 gibi Nijerya\u2019da da Muhammed Buhari, art\u0131k \u00fclkesinin silah sanayinde s\u00f6z sahibi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 konusunda kararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"afrika-savunmasinda-turkiye-de-var","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Afrika savunmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye de var","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1114,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":30853,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":30754,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Afrika savunmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye de var","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Son y\u0131llarda uluslararas\u0131 medya organlar\u0131n\u0131n ana g\u00fcndemlerinden birini, Afrika \u00fclkelerinin savunma sanayine y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. 54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkenin bulundu\u011fu Afrika\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fclke kendi savunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim yaparken, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle ithalat ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Pazardaki aslan pay\u0131n\u0131 Fransa al\u0131rken, T\u00fcrk savunma sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de son y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. En \u00e7ok sipari\u015f ise insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131na geliyor.<\/strong><\/span>
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20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Asya, Amerika ve bilhassa Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131nda birbiri ard\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde eden \u00fclkelerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck derdi, s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fular\u0131yla ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131. Dahas\u0131, en \u00e7ok da her birinin kendi i\u00e7inde arkas\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kesilmeyen ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ideolojik hareketlerle m\u00fccadelelerinden bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc vazge\u00e7memeleri. Bunda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin kurduklar\u0131 emanet\u00e7i merkezi iktidarlara direnen \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k isteyen ve yeni devlet kurma ama\u00e7l\u0131 silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin k\u0131tan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda faal olmalar\u0131 da etkiliydi. <\/span>
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TER\u00d6R \u00d6RG\u00dcTLER\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk 20 y\u0131l\u0131na adeta damga vuranlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u0130slam dini ile ilgili gibi g\u00f6sterilerek faaliyet g\u00f6sterenlerle uluslararas\u0131 boyutta m\u00fccadele edilmesiydi. Asl\u0131nda Somali\u2019deki E\u015f-\u015eebab\u2019dan, Nijerya, Nijer, Kamerun ve \u00c7ad ortak s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerindeki Boko Haram\u2019dan, Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki Ma\u011frip El-Kaidesi\u2019nden, yine bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede eylem yapan DAE\u015e benzeri yap\u0131lardan en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve zararlar\u0131, bizzat \u0130slamiyeti ya\u015fayanlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Art\u0131k \u0130slam ad\u0131na kurulduklar\u0131 iddia edilen ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara zarar vermekten ba\u015fka amac\u0131 olmayan tedhi\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden, Afrika\u2019da n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan \u00fclkeler yan\u0131nda bu inan\u00e7 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir topluluk halinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 devletler de ciddi zararlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki Marksist ve Leninist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin tahribatlar\u0131n\u0131n izleri silindi derken yenilerinin birbiri ard\u0131na ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden her \u00fclke kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in en kolay olan\u0131 tercih ediyor ki, o da silahlanmadan ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn bulunamamas\u0131.<\/span>
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SAVUNMAYA Y\u00d6NEL\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/span>
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54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclkesi bulunan Afrika\u2019da kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin birbirleri ile sava\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok nadirdir. Ama herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki bir b\u00f6lgenin Etiyopya\u2019da \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunun Eritre ad\u0131yla 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Sudan\u2019da ise \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyinin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcney Sudan ad\u0131yla merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden ayr\u0131larak yeni devletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 istisnai durumdur. Somali\u2019de Somaliland, Komorlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nde \u00f6zellikle bir adan\u0131n ayr\u0131lma giri\u015fimi, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019da Tuareg meselesi hep s\u0131cak g\u00fcndemler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Senegal ile Moritanya\u2019n\u0131n ciddi bir sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finden d\u00f6nmeleri, Cezayir ile Fas Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise \u0130spanyollar \u00e7ekildikten sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde edemeyen Bat\u0131 Sahra meselesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden zaman zaman \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelmeleri, hatta buna dayal\u0131 olarak da 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri bu iki dost ve karde\u015f \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyenler de var. T\u00fcm bunlar ve belki sadece i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fin daimi k\u0131l\u0131nma arzusu, k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerini acilen ve f\u0131rsat bulduklar\u0131 her an silahlanmaya te\u015fvik ediyor. <\/span>
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HER T\u00dcRL\u00dc \u00dcR\u00dcN<\/strong><\/span>
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Her bir \u00fclkeye askeri malzeme satmak denilince sadece silah\u0131n akla gelmemesi gerekiyor. Zira asker say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131k\u00e7a bunlar\u0131n askeri k\u0131yafetleri ve ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131, kalacaklar\u0131 mekanlar, hastaland\u0131klar\u0131nda veya bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada yaraland\u0131klar\u0131nda tedavi olacaklar\u0131 hastaneler ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak bir yerden di\u011ferine intikallerini sa\u011flayacak ara\u00e7lar\u0131n temini de ciddi bir pazar konusu. Eskiden bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile temin edip olabildi\u011fi kadar idare ederlerdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hem ihtiya\u00e7 artt\u0131 hem de bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri alabilecekleri yeni pazarlama \u015firketleri k\u0131tan\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinde adeta m\u00fc\u015fteri bulmak i\u00e7in cirit at\u0131yor.<\/span>
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TR\u0130LYON DOLARLIK PAZAR<\/strong><\/span>
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Merkezi Stockholm\u2019de bulunan Uluslararas\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (SIPRI) verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00c7in \u015firketleri hari\u00e7, savunma sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck 100 \u015firket, 2018\u2019de420 milyar dolarl\u0131k silah ve askeri hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yapt\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, en b\u00fcy\u00fck 100 \u015firket, raporun tutulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2002\u2019den itibaren y\u00fczde 47 daha fazla silah ve askeri hizmet satm\u0131\u015f oldu. Hesaplamaya \u00c7in \u015firketleri ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck 100 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakileri de dahil etti\u011fimiz zaman d\u00fcnya silah sanayinde trilyon dolarl\u0131k bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz ger\u00e7e\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu. Silahlanma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 temin eden \u00fclkelerin s\u0131ralamalar\u0131 seneden seneye de\u011fi\u015febiliyor. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD, Rusya, Fransa, \u00c7in ve Almanya ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span>
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ASLAN PAYI FRANSA\u2019YA <\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika\u2019n\u0131n silahlanmas\u0131nda aslan pay\u0131n\u0131 alarak sat\u0131\u015f yapan \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa geliyor. K\u0131tadaki silahlanmalarda temel dayanak, her bir devletin milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde hakimiyetini ayakta tutmas\u0131, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131. \u00dclkelerin al\u0131mlar\u0131 seneden seneye ciddi oranlarda de\u011fi\u015febiliyor. Frans\u0131z silah \u015firketlerinin fazla sat\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler ise Kuzey Afrika b\u00f6lgesindekiler. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fas\u2019\u0131n 425.9 milyon Euro\u2019luk m\u00fc\u015fterisi olmas\u0131, kom\u015fusu Cezayir\u2019in 41.1 milyon Euro\u2019luk al\u0131\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bulunuyor. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fas 81.6 milyon Euro, Cezayir ise sadece 11.7 milyon Euro de\u011ferinde askeri malzeme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/span>
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Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da en \u00f6nemli m\u00fc\u015fterisi M\u0131s\u0131r oldu. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni sipari\u015flerin de\u011feri 2 milyar Euro seviyesindeydi. Net sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 1.3 milyar Euro idi. \u00c7ok fazla silah satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ise Cezayir, Senegal, Kamerun, Bostvana, G\u00fcney Afrika, Mali, Gabon, Togo ve Tunus\u2019tu. Sipari\u015f veren \u00fclkeler s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda da yine M\u0131s\u0131r 623 milyon Euro ile ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken, onu 304.2 milyon Euro ile Bostvana ikinci s\u0131rada takip etti. Bostvana\u2019y\u0131; Fas, Cezayir, Nijerya, G\u00fcney Afrika, Tunus, Kamerun, Uganda, Somali ve Etiyopya izledi. Asl\u0131nda son iki sene, Fransa silah sanayi i\u00e7in ciddi kazanc\u0131n elde edildi\u011fi y\u0131llar oldu. \u00d6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n konumu piramitlerden Frans\u0131zlara selama durulmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclke, ba\u015fta Rafale u\u00e7aklar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 2012-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na 3 milyar Euro\u2019luk silahlanmada tercihini Paris\u2019ten yana koydu. Senegal\u2019in Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki 48 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda sadece 2020\u2019de Fransa\u2019da 217.2 milyon Euro\u2019luk silahlanmaya y\u00f6nelik al\u0131\u015f yapmas\u0131, \u00fclke tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kaynak aktarmas\u0131 sebebiyle olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir rakam olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Oysa 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u00fclkeden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahlanma tutar\u0131 sadece 2.5 milyon Euro idi. 2011-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise toplam 361.3 milyon Euro\u2019luk askeri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131zlardan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunu 44.7 milyon Euro ile Nijerya ve 29.8 milyon Euro ile de Kamerun takip etmi\u015fti. Senegal\u2019in do\u011fusundaki kom\u015fusu Mali, 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda girdi\u011fi ciddi i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Fransa\u2019ya 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 19.5 milyon Euro\u2019luk silahlanma sipari\u015fi verdi.<\/span>
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S\u0130PAR\u0130\u015eLER \u0130HA\u2019LARA YO\u011eUNLA\u015eIYOR<\/strong><\/span>
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Savunma sanayinde s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere yegane tercih olarak ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131tada art\u0131k Rusya, \u00c7in ve Hindistan gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Pakistan, G\u00fcney Kore, Hindistan, Endonezya, Singapur, Brezilya ve \u0130srail de ciddi anlamda kendilerinden s\u00f6z ettiriyor. Mali Cumhuriyeti gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nden askeri malzeme temin ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye, bilhassa son y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019da ciddi anlamda insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (\u0130HA) i\u00e7in sipari\u015f al\u0131rken, bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde askeri \u00fcretim yapan firmalar\u0131m\u0131z onlarca Afrika \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda kendilerinden malzeme tedarik eden m\u00fc\u015fterileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z da Afrika \u00fclkelerinde yerlerini al\u0131yor. <\/span>
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\u00dcRET\u0130M YAPAB\u0130LEN AFR\u0130KA \u00dcLKELER\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Bilhassa G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da, Apartheid d\u00f6neminde Avrupa as\u0131ll\u0131lar, kendi silah fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131. \u015eimdilerde bu i\u015fletmeler sayesinde \u00fclke kendi ihtiyac\u0131 olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da askeri malzemeleri \u00fcretebiliyor. Haliyle bu imkan ona, Afrika\u2019da Bat\u0131l\u0131 olmayan silah \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir konum sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Buna ilaveten Hindistan ve Brezilya ile de ciddi ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunuyor. Askerlerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda gerekli helikopterin \u00fcretimi, z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar, askeri kamyonlar ve t\u00fcfekler ilk akla gelen \u00fcretimler. Etiyopya da uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r baz\u0131 silahlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00fcreten \u00fclkelerden biri konumunda. Bunu M\u0131s\u0131r, Gana, Kenya, Nijerya, Sudan, Tanzanya, Namibya, Uganda ve Zimbabve izliyor. Bir\u00e7ok Afrikal\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 gibi Nijerya\u2019da da Muhammed Buhari, art\u0131k \u00fclkesinin silah sanayinde s\u00f6z sahibi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 konusunda kararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"afrika-savunmasinda-turkiye-de-var","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Afrika savunmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye de var","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1114,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}