{"status":true,"post":{"id":27946,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 15:38:18","created_at":"2021-08-19T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T12:38:18.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":27946,"is_featured":0,"title":"Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekeli THY k\u0131rd\u0131","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 17\u2019sinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde u\u00e7akla seyahat edenlerin oran\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 3 oldu. Fakat bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck orana ra\u011fmen y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 5 gibi d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme, Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabete sahne oluyor.<\/strong><\/span>
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Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkelerin havayollar\u0131 \u015firketleri, astronomik fiyatlarla pazardaki konumunu korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken THY ile tekel k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu y\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 planlanan 4 yeni hatla 64 noktay\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a ba\u011flayan THY sayesinde Afrika u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 daha ekonomik oldu. <\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika ve havac\u0131l\u0131k, bu iki kelime yan yana getirildi\u011finde nas\u0131l bir etki yapabilir denilse acaba ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi cevap verebilir. Bir\u00e7ok kimse e\u011fer \u00f6nceden bu alanda edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbeleri ve bilgisi yoksa elbette ki bir fikir beyan etmeyecektir. Oysaki 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ekonomik anlamda en ciddi rekabetlerin belli bir k\u0131vama gelmi\u015f d\u00fcnya genelindekinden ziyade bu k\u0131tada ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131na kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fclkenin yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2n\u0131, yava\u015f da olsa hen\u00fcz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirdi\u011fi 1960\u2019lara do\u011fru Amerika, Asya ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine de yay\u0131ld\u0131. Her ne kadar yerliler i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr l\u00fcks yolculuklar hayalin de \u00f6tesinde kalsa da belki \u00f6yle bir zaman gelecek ki yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde u\u00e7akla seyahat etmek \u00e7ok s\u0131radanla\u015facakt\u0131. <\/span>
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Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n en u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flayan do\u011fu-bat\u0131 ve kuzey-g\u00fcney hatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu mesafe yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 bin km. Buralar\u0131 en k\u0131sa zamanda a\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan vas\u0131talar ise u\u00e7aklard\u0131. \u00d6nce s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idarecileri ve oralarda ticaret yapanlar\u0131n, farkl\u0131 \u015firketler kurup i\u015fleten firmalar\u0131n sahipleri i\u00e7in zaman \u00e7ok de\u011ferliydi. B\u00f6ylece ilk havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in bir anlam ifade ediyordu. Gelinen noktada d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 17\u2019lik bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinin t\u00fcm yolcu kapasitesi, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece y\u00fczde 3 oldu. Fakat bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck orana ra\u011fmen Afrika, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki en hararetli co\u011frafyas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda. <\/span>
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B\u00dcY\u00dcMEDEK\u0130 CAZ\u0130BE<\/strong><\/span>
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2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika, k\u0131ta i\u00e7i ve k\u0131talararas\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flarda 111 milyon yolcu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yerel havayolu \u015firketleri ve bu alan\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile sa\u011flad\u0131. Y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 5 gibi d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir art\u0131\u015f neredeyse havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde iddial\u0131 her yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabart\u0131yor. Bir tarafta s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminden itibaren bu sahan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sahibi bulunduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131ndaki Fransa, \u0130ngiltere, Bel\u00e7ika ve Almanya men\u015feli Avrupal\u0131 firmalar kendi konumlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in rekabeti s\u0131f\u0131rlama gayretinden vazge\u00e7mediler. Ama uluslararas\u0131 pazar\u0131n ate\u015fi o kadar y\u00fckseliyordu ki 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019dan yolcu toplay\u0131p Afrika \u00fclkelerine ring seferleri yapan Bel\u00e7ika\u2019n\u0131n Sabena Havayolu gibi bir\u00e7o\u011fu iflas edebiliyordu. Bunun \u00fczerine Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Air France\u2019\u0131 ile Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n KLM\u2019i, birlikte hareket etmeye karar verdiler. <\/span>
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ORTAK \u015e\u0130RKET HAYAL\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Birazc\u0131k kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p \u2018biz de etkin hale gelece\u011fiz\u2019 deme cesaretindeki yerel havayolu \u015firketleri bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011flar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda en fazla ortalama d\u00f6rt y\u0131l dayan\u0131p iflaslar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyorlard\u0131. Senegal Airlines gibi 2011\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlarla kurulup 2016\u2019da kapanma karar\u0131 alan milli \u015firketler oldu. Ya da Air Cote d\u2019Ivoire, hatta Kenya Airways gibi ayakta kalma m\u00fccadelesini kazananlar da var ancak hisselerinin y\u00fczde 20\u2019sini Air France\/KLM ile payla\u015farak ayakta kalabildiler. Bir de \u2018Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 unvan\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r koruyan Ethiopian Airlines, Togo \u015firketi ASKY\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 40 hissesini alarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ba\u015far\u0131 hikayaleri var. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 havaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 30 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir yat\u0131r\u0131mla sahaya ad\u0131m atan Orta Afrika B\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkelerinin ortak \u015firketi Air CEMAC da Air France\u2019\u0131n \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Maalesef \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin t\u00fcm m\u00fcspet yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131. Bunda hissedar\u0131 olsa da Frans\u0131z Hava Yollar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesi kuvvetle muhtemel idi. Ortaya konulan sermaye bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki giderlerle t\u00fckendi ve u\u00e7mas\u0131 beklenen ilk u\u00e7ak hi\u00e7 hareket edemedi.<\/span>
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THY TEK SE\u00c7ENEK<\/strong><\/span>
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Havayolu denildi\u011finde genelde akl\u0131m\u0131za ilk gelen, gidece\u011fimiz istikamette hangi uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketin seferlerinin oldu\u011funu bulur ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z biletlerle seyahate \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131z. \u00c7ok fazla da bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile kendimizi me\u015fgul etmeyiz. Fakat tercihimiz bir Afrika \u00fclkesi ise o zaman durumu derinlemesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekiyor. Somali\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 senedir aral\u0131ks\u0131z tarifeli seferler d\u00fczenleyen T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131 (THY) ile u\u00e7mak bir zorunluluk. Bu \u00fclkeyi sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya ba\u015fkentlerine ba\u011flayan tek yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan firma. <\/span><\/p>

Oysa \u00e7ok de\u011fil bundan 30, hatta 20 sene \u00f6nce onlarca Afrika \u00fclkesine seyahat etmek bazen bir g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fan zahmetli bir yolculukla biterdi.<\/span>
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B\u0130R BA\u015eARI H\u0130KAYES\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Havayollar\u0131n\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki konumunu yerel ve uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketler diye ikiye ay\u0131rmak gerekiyor. Ger\u00e7i art\u0131k Ethiopian Airlines, Egyptair, South African Airways, Air Senegal, Royal Air Maroc ve Air Algerie gibi k\u0131ta yerlisi olanlar da k\u0131talar aras\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flar yap\u0131yorlar. Ama Afrika \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda ve de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 seferlerindeki paylar\u0131 y\u00fczde 20 seviyesinde. THY\u2019nin toplam u\u00e7ak adedi Afrika\u2019daki ilk 5 b\u00fcy\u00fck firmadan fazla olunca burada rekabet imk\u00e2n\u0131 azal\u0131yor. Air France\/KLM, Brussels Airlines, British Airways ve THY, Emirates ve Qatar Airways ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bu uluslararas\u0131 firmalar ise y\u00fczde 80 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oranda yolcu pay\u0131na sahipler. \u00d6zellikle bu rekabete sonradan giren THY, 2016\u2019da Afrika i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi 54 \u00fclke i\u00e7inde 100 ayr\u0131 havaliman\u0131na 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde u\u00e7ma hedefini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gayret ediyor. En son Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Malabo seferleri ile 40 \u00fclkede 60 havaalan\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu. 2021\u2019de a\u00e7may\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 yeni hatla bunu 64\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karacak. <\/span>
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REKABET B\u0130LETLER\u0130 UCUZLATTI<\/strong><\/span>
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Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelere tarifeli seferlerin birka\u00e7 firma ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131t\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa ve di\u011fer k\u0131talardakinden y\u00fcksek \u00fccretle sat\u0131lmas\u0131, yer hizmetlerinin maliyetinin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n masraflar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer co\u011frafyalarla mukayese edilemeyecek kadar y\u00fcksek bulunmas\u0131 ve belki de biletlerden al\u0131nan y\u00fcksek vergiler gibi sebeplere ivedilikle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 gerekiyor. THY\u2019nin Afrika semalar\u0131nda en geni\u015f a\u011fa sahip olarak u\u00e7mas\u0131 ile geli\u015fen rekabet ortam\u0131 bilet fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha makul seviyelere \u00e7ekilebildi. \u00c7ad\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Encemine\u2019ye THY\u2019nin 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan seferleri ile Royal Air Maroc ve Egyptair \u015firketlerini de oraya \u00e7ekti. Bu da buradaki tekeli ciddi anlamda k\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ster istemez buran\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yararlan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Air France yeni gelen tarifeli sefer d\u00fczenleyen firmalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 indirmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/span>
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AFR\u0130KA \u2018HUB\u2019 NOKTALARI<\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika\u2019da 54 \u00fclke var ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi konumu gere\u011fi havac\u0131l\u0131kta \u201chub\u201d denen beynelmilel u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n ana de\u011fi\u015fim havaliman\u0131 olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bunlardan Senegal\u2019in, Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019dan Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f yapacak u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in ba\u015fkent Dakar\u2019\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilemez bir merkeze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc tuttu. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 3 milyon kapasite ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerini neredeyse iki y\u0131l dolmak \u00fczere iken yakalayacakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda hizmete ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni havaliman\u0131 Blaisse Diagne, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda 2.5 milyon yolcu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. E\u011fer Covid-19 ya\u015fanmasayd\u0131 yolcu say\u0131s\u0131 belirlenen hedefini de \u00e7ok a\u015facakt\u0131. <\/span>
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YEN\u0130 TREND HAVA KARGO<\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 111 milyonluk yolcu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2023, en ge\u00e7 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar yakalamak en k\u0131sa vadedeki hedef olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar kargo u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle yak\u0131n \u00fclkelerden ziyade k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda y\u00fck nakli de art\u0131k giderek cazip hale geldi. Kovid-19 ile m\u00fccadelede bir an evvel elde edilmesi gereken \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrelerde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 daha \u00f6nce s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kapasitesi bulunan bu alanda bamba\u015fka bir pazar a\u00e7t\u0131. Yolcu say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda bu sekt\u00f6r bir can simidi gibi havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n imdad\u0131na yeti\u015fti. Art\u0131k THY gibi Royal Air Maroc gibi k\u0131tada iddial\u0131 \u015firketler de gelecek vaat eden havayolu nakliyesine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"afrika-havaciliginda-tekeli-thy-kirdi","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekeli THY k\u0131rd\u0131","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1082,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":28045,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":27946,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekeli THY k\u0131rd\u0131","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 17\u2019sinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde u\u00e7akla seyahat edenlerin oran\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 3 oldu. Fakat bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck orana ra\u011fmen y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 5 gibi d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme, Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabete sahne oluyor.<\/strong><\/span>
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Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkelerin havayollar\u0131 \u015firketleri, astronomik fiyatlarla pazardaki konumunu korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken THY ile tekel k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu y\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 planlanan 4 yeni hatla 64 noktay\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a ba\u011flayan THY sayesinde Afrika u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 daha ekonomik oldu. <\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika ve havac\u0131l\u0131k, bu iki kelime yan yana getirildi\u011finde nas\u0131l bir etki yapabilir denilse acaba ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi cevap verebilir. Bir\u00e7ok kimse e\u011fer \u00f6nceden bu alanda edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbeleri ve bilgisi yoksa elbette ki bir fikir beyan etmeyecektir. Oysaki 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ekonomik anlamda en ciddi rekabetlerin belli bir k\u0131vama gelmi\u015f d\u00fcnya genelindekinden ziyade bu k\u0131tada ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131na kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span>
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Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fclkenin yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2n\u0131, yava\u015f da olsa hen\u00fcz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirdi\u011fi 1960\u2019lara do\u011fru Amerika, Asya ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine de yay\u0131ld\u0131. Her ne kadar yerliler i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr l\u00fcks yolculuklar hayalin de \u00f6tesinde kalsa da belki \u00f6yle bir zaman gelecek ki yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde u\u00e7akla seyahat etmek \u00e7ok s\u0131radanla\u015facakt\u0131. <\/span>
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Afrika co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n en u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flayan do\u011fu-bat\u0131 ve kuzey-g\u00fcney hatlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ku\u015f u\u00e7u\u015fu mesafe yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 bin km. Buralar\u0131 en k\u0131sa zamanda a\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan vas\u0131talar ise u\u00e7aklard\u0131. \u00d6nce s\u00f6m\u00fcrge idarecileri ve oralarda ticaret yapanlar\u0131n, farkl\u0131 \u015firketler kurup i\u015fleten firmalar\u0131n sahipleri i\u00e7in zaman \u00e7ok de\u011ferliydi. B\u00f6ylece ilk havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in bir anlam ifade ediyordu. Gelinen noktada d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 17\u2019lik bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinin t\u00fcm yolcu kapasitesi, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece y\u00fczde 3 oldu. Fakat bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck orana ra\u011fmen Afrika, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki en hararetli co\u011frafyas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda. <\/span>
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B\u00dcY\u00dcMEDEK\u0130 CAZ\u0130BE<\/strong><\/span>
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2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika, k\u0131ta i\u00e7i ve k\u0131talararas\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flarda 111 milyon yolcu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yerel havayolu \u015firketleri ve bu alan\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile sa\u011flad\u0131. Y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 5 gibi d\u00fcnya ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir art\u0131\u015f neredeyse havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde iddial\u0131 her yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabart\u0131yor. Bir tarafta s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminden itibaren bu sahan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sahibi bulunduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131ndaki Fransa, \u0130ngiltere, Bel\u00e7ika ve Almanya men\u015feli Avrupal\u0131 firmalar kendi konumlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in rekabeti s\u0131f\u0131rlama gayretinden vazge\u00e7mediler. Ama uluslararas\u0131 pazar\u0131n ate\u015fi o kadar y\u00fckseliyordu ki 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019dan yolcu toplay\u0131p Afrika \u00fclkelerine ring seferleri yapan Bel\u00e7ika\u2019n\u0131n Sabena Havayolu gibi bir\u00e7o\u011fu iflas edebiliyordu. Bunun \u00fczerine Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Air France\u2019\u0131 ile Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n KLM\u2019i, birlikte hareket etmeye karar verdiler. <\/span>
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ORTAK \u015e\u0130RKET HAYAL\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Birazc\u0131k kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p \u2018biz de etkin hale gelece\u011fiz\u2019 deme cesaretindeki yerel havayolu \u015firketleri bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u011flar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda en fazla ortalama d\u00f6rt y\u0131l dayan\u0131p iflaslar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyorlard\u0131. Senegal Airlines gibi 2011\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlarla kurulup 2016\u2019da kapanma karar\u0131 alan milli \u015firketler oldu. Ya da Air Cote d\u2019Ivoire, hatta Kenya Airways gibi ayakta kalma m\u00fccadelesini kazananlar da var ancak hisselerinin y\u00fczde 20\u2019sini Air France\/KLM ile payla\u015farak ayakta kalabildiler. Bir de \u2018Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 unvan\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r koruyan Ethiopian Airlines, Togo \u015firketi ASKY\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 40 hissesini alarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ba\u015far\u0131 hikayaleri var. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 havaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 30 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir yat\u0131r\u0131mla sahaya ad\u0131m atan Orta Afrika B\u00f6lgesi \u00fclkelerinin ortak \u015firketi Air CEMAC da Air France\u2019\u0131n \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Maalesef \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin t\u00fcm m\u00fcspet yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131. Bunda hissedar\u0131 olsa da Frans\u0131z Hava Yollar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesi kuvvetle muhtemel idi. Ortaya konulan sermaye bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki giderlerle t\u00fckendi ve u\u00e7mas\u0131 beklenen ilk u\u00e7ak hi\u00e7 hareket edemedi.<\/span>
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THY TEK SE\u00c7ENEK<\/strong><\/span>
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Havayolu denildi\u011finde genelde akl\u0131m\u0131za ilk gelen, gidece\u011fimiz istikamette hangi uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketin seferlerinin oldu\u011funu bulur ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z biletlerle seyahate \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131z. \u00c7ok fazla da bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile kendimizi me\u015fgul etmeyiz. Fakat tercihimiz bir Afrika \u00fclkesi ise o zaman durumu derinlemesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekiyor. Somali\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 senedir aral\u0131ks\u0131z tarifeli seferler d\u00fczenleyen T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131 (THY) ile u\u00e7mak bir zorunluluk. Bu \u00fclkeyi sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya ba\u015fkentlerine ba\u011flayan tek yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan firma. <\/span><\/p>

Oysa \u00e7ok de\u011fil bundan 30, hatta 20 sene \u00f6nce onlarca Afrika \u00fclkesine seyahat etmek bazen bir g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fan zahmetli bir yolculukla biterdi.<\/span>
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B\u0130R BA\u015eARI H\u0130KAYES\u0130<\/strong><\/span>
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Havayollar\u0131n\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki konumunu yerel ve uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketler diye ikiye ay\u0131rmak gerekiyor. Ger\u00e7i art\u0131k Ethiopian Airlines, Egyptair, South African Airways, Air Senegal, Royal Air Maroc ve Air Algerie gibi k\u0131ta yerlisi olanlar da k\u0131talar aras\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flar yap\u0131yorlar. Ama Afrika \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda ve de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 seferlerindeki paylar\u0131 y\u00fczde 20 seviyesinde. THY\u2019nin toplam u\u00e7ak adedi Afrika\u2019daki ilk 5 b\u00fcy\u00fck firmadan fazla olunca burada rekabet imk\u00e2n\u0131 azal\u0131yor. Air France\/KLM, Brussels Airlines, British Airways ve THY, Emirates ve Qatar Airways ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bu uluslararas\u0131 firmalar ise y\u00fczde 80 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oranda yolcu pay\u0131na sahipler. \u00d6zellikle bu rekabete sonradan giren THY, 2016\u2019da Afrika i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi 54 \u00fclke i\u00e7inde 100 ayr\u0131 havaliman\u0131na 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde u\u00e7ma hedefini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gayret ediyor. En son Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Malabo seferleri ile 40 \u00fclkede 60 havaalan\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu. 2021\u2019de a\u00e7may\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 yeni hatla bunu 64\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karacak. <\/span>
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REKABET B\u0130LETLER\u0130 UCUZLATTI<\/strong><\/span>
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Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelere tarifeli seferlerin birka\u00e7 firma ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131t\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa ve di\u011fer k\u0131talardakinden y\u00fcksek \u00fccretle sat\u0131lmas\u0131, yer hizmetlerinin maliyetinin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n masraflar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer co\u011frafyalarla mukayese edilemeyecek kadar y\u00fcksek bulunmas\u0131 ve belki de biletlerden al\u0131nan y\u00fcksek vergiler gibi sebeplere ivedilikle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 gerekiyor. THY\u2019nin Afrika semalar\u0131nda en geni\u015f a\u011fa sahip olarak u\u00e7mas\u0131 ile geli\u015fen rekabet ortam\u0131 bilet fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha makul seviyelere \u00e7ekilebildi. \u00c7ad\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Encemine\u2019ye THY\u2019nin 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan seferleri ile Royal Air Maroc ve Egyptair \u015firketlerini de oraya \u00e7ekti. Bu da buradaki tekeli ciddi anlamda k\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ster istemez buran\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yararlan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Air France yeni gelen tarifeli sefer d\u00fczenleyen firmalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 indirmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/span>
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AFR\u0130KA \u2018HUB\u2019 NOKTALARI<\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika\u2019da 54 \u00fclke var ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi konumu gere\u011fi havac\u0131l\u0131kta \u201chub\u201d denen beynelmilel u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n ana de\u011fi\u015fim havaliman\u0131 olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bunlardan Senegal\u2019in, Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019dan Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015f yapacak u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in ba\u015fkent Dakar\u2019\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilemez bir merkeze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc tuttu. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 3 milyon kapasite ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerini neredeyse iki y\u0131l dolmak \u00fczere iken yakalayacakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda hizmete ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni havaliman\u0131 Blaisse Diagne, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda 2.5 milyon yolcu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. E\u011fer Covid-19 ya\u015fanmasayd\u0131 yolcu say\u0131s\u0131 belirlenen hedefini de \u00e7ok a\u015facakt\u0131. <\/span>
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YEN\u0130 TREND HAVA KARGO<\/strong><\/span>
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Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 111 milyonluk yolcu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2023, en ge\u00e7 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar yakalamak en k\u0131sa vadedeki hedef olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar kargo u\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle yak\u0131n \u00fclkelerden ziyade k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda y\u00fck nakli de art\u0131k giderek cazip hale geldi. Kovid-19 ile m\u00fccadelede bir an evvel elde edilmesi gereken \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrelerde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 daha \u00f6nce s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kapasitesi bulunan bu alanda bamba\u015fka bir pazar a\u00e7t\u0131. Yolcu say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda bu sekt\u00f6r bir can simidi gibi havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n imdad\u0131na yeti\u015fti. Art\u0131k THY gibi Royal Air Maroc gibi k\u0131tada iddial\u0131 \u015firketler de gelecek vaat eden havayolu nakliyesine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"afrika-havaciliginda-tekeli-thy-kirdi","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"Afrika havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekeli THY k\u0131rd\u0131","meta_description":"PROF. DR. AHMET KAVAS","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1082,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}