{"status":true,"post":{"id":24760,"user_id":30,"status":1,"type":1,"orde":null,"notification_type":3,"static_post":0,"published_at":"2022-10-24 14:53:18","created_at":"2021-02-04T21:00:00.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-24T11:53:18.000000Z","edited_at":"2024-12-17 22:35:21","source_id":null,"post_id":24760,"is_featured":0,"title":"1 milyar 250 milyon ine\u011fi var ancak s\u00fct tozu ithal ediyor!","slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"category_id":73,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

D\u00fcnya hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30\u2019u Afrika\u2019da\u2026 1 milyar 250 milyon hayvan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinden Etiyopya, b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Brezilya, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019den sonra be\u015finci s\u0131rada. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 22. s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131ndaki ilk 100 i\u00e7inde 32 Afrika \u00fclkesi bulunuyor. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bunca hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 50 y\u0131lda Afrika \u00fclkelerinin hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ithalat\u0131nda 15 kat art\u0131\u015f oldu. Halen hayvandan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7inde Afrika\u2019ya en \u00e7ok ithal edileni s\u00fct tozu olup oran olarak di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fczde 50\u2019ye tekab\u00fcl ediyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fct\u00fc i\u015fleyecek sanayi kurulabilmi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019y\u0131 di\u011fer k\u0131talardan ay\u0131ran temel \u00f6zellik, genelde hammadde kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine vurgu yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerleyen teknolojik geli\u015fmeler de bunu gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Sadece ilgili sekt\u00f6rlerin yak\u0131ndan takip ettikleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zirai \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n beslenmesi i\u00e7in en temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddesi olup ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ne kadar \u00f6nemliyse gelecekte de \u00fclkeler, hatta k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda gerginliklerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyecek kadar etkiye sahip. \u00d6zellikle canl\u0131 hayvan ve bunlardan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin d\u00fcnya genelinde artan pazar imk\u00e2nlar\u0131, her 5-10 y\u0131lda katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. Uluslararas\u0131 verilere \u00e7ok eksik yans\u0131yan Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bu alandaki mevcut birikimi, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn biraz fazla ke\u015ffedildik\u00e7e BM G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve hassaten Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da kurum, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20, hatta 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7in sekt\u00f6r raporlar\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131yor. Tar\u0131mda, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda zirai \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan hamleler ile d\u00fcnyada en y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim bu k\u0131tada ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. \u015eimdiye kadar bundan y\u00fczde 10\u2019u bulmayan seviyesi ile en az pay\u0131 alan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k da art\u0131k al\u0131nan yeni tedbirlerle benzeri bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fayacak.<\/span><\/p>

Y\u00dcZDE 30\u2019U AFR\u0130KA\u2019DA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, bilhassa Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde merkezi bir konuma sahip. Milyonlarca aile ge\u00e7imini bu alandaki faaliyetlerden kazan\u0131yor. Sadece Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da 80 milyon insan ge\u00e7imini hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak devam ettiriyor. Bu, neredeyse toplam n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden biri demek. T\u00fcm k\u0131ta s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise 300 ila 400 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu sekt\u00f6r ilgilendiriyor. \u00dclkelere g\u00f6re toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 30 ila y\u00fczde 80\u2019i aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131 bu alana do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki koyunlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 17\u2019si, ke\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 31\u2019i bu k\u0131tada ya\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015flar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30\u2019u bu k\u0131tada yeti\u015ftiriliyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u015eimdilerde 1 milyar 250 milyon b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan\u0131n k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde bulundu\u011fu dile getiriliyor. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015fta Do\u011fu Afrika, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015fta ise Sahel ve Bat\u0131 Afrika en fazla hayvana sahip. \u00dclkelerin en fazla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ne kadar hayvan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek. \u00c7ad, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n destekleri ile g\u00fcncelleyerek, tespit etti\u011fi 113 milyon i\u00e7inde 93 milyondan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f olup geriye kalan\u0131n\u0131n kanatl\u0131 hayvan oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Etiyopya, b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Brezilya, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019den sonra 5. s\u0131rada gelirken, 7. s\u0131rada Sudan, 11. s\u0131rada Tanzanya, 12. s\u0131rada Nijerya ve 15. s\u0131rada Kenya takip ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 22. s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131ndaki ilk 100 i\u00e7inde 32 Afrika \u00fclkesi bulunuyor. <\/span><\/p>

K\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin Gayrisafi Yurti\u00e7i Has\u0131la\u2019ya katk\u0131s\u0131 sahil \u00fclkelerinde en fazla y\u00fczde 15 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede olsa da Sahel denilen i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlardakilerde bu oran y\u00fczde 40\u2019lara kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Haliyle ziraat\u0131n y\u00fczde 45\u2019lik oran\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131yor. Mesela Mali\u2019de GSY\u0130H\u2019ye y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flasa da bu haliyle bile milli gelire katk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan alt\u0131n ve pamuktan sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Ancak bu sekt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 genel n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 69\u2019unu meydana getiriyor.<\/span><\/p>

40 YILDA \u0130K\u0130 KAT ARTTI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019da dikkatlerden ka\u00e7an bir husus ise fakirlikle m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli etkenlerden birinin hep hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131. K\u0131tadaki kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde \u00f6zellikle toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131nda hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir etken. Adeta g\u00fcnl\u00fck <\/span>
hayatlar\u0131 birinin di\u011ferine olan ihtiyac\u0131 ile \u015fekilleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

Tropikal iklime sahip Afrika\u2019da 1974-2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde besi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilince di\u011fer k\u0131talarda oldu\u011fu gibi burada da b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlarda iki kat, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015flarda ise \u00fc\u00e7 kat art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Halen \u00fclkelerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda hayvanlardan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler, bir\u00e7ok devletin en \u00f6nemli ihracat kalemini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130stihdam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131tada gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hatta d\u00fcnya geneliyle mukayese edildi\u011finde bu alanla i\u015ftigal edenler ortalama 15-45 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Her y\u0131l 10 milyona yak\u0131n insan ge\u00e7imini temin i\u00e7in bu alana y\u00f6neliyor. \u00d6zellikle de kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in hayvana dayal\u0131 farkl\u0131 kollar cazip f\u0131rsatlar sunuyor. 54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclke i\u00e7inde tar\u0131m odakl\u0131 m\u00fcstakil bakanl\u0131k az da olsa var. Sadece 22 devletin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131 tar\u0131m veya bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, hatta orman ve \u00e7evre gibi farkl\u0131 alanlarla birle\u015ftirilerek tek bir bakanl\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f. <\/span><\/p>

ET VE S\u00dcT SEKT\u00d6R\u00dc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

D\u00fcnyada et t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7in saniyede 2 bin hayvan\u0131n kesildi\u011fi, her y\u0131l bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in 65 milyar hayvan gerekti\u011fi ve mevcudun ise 150 milyar civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu biliniyor. T\u00fcm k\u0131talarda ortalama olarak 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na et t\u00fcketimi 20 kg. iken, 2021\u2019e gelindi\u011finde 43 kg. olarak ifade ediliyor. Ancak k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda ciddi dengesizlik s\u00f6z konusu. Avrupa ve Avustralya\u2019da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na et t\u00fcketimi y\u0131ll\u0131k 80 kg. ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019da 110 kg. iken, maalesef bug\u00fcn baz\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde bu miktar 10 kg. kadar.<\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na et t\u00fcketimi, ancak 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama 19 kg. oldu. Bunun 2050\u2019de 26 kg. olmas\u0131 bekleniyor. S\u00fct t\u00fcketiminin de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k 44 kg. olup, 2050\u2019de en fazla 60 kg. seviyesine ula\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

Et ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin pazar de\u011feri \u00e7ok az artsa da miktar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan talepler her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha fazla y\u00fckseliyor. Ancak \u015fimdiden gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nmazsa k\u0131ta hayvani \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 20 oran\u0131nda ithalat yapmak zorunda kalacak.<\/span><\/p>

\u015eehirle\u015fmenin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 seyretti\u011fi k\u0131tada artan n\u00fcfus ve gelir seviyesinin iyile\u015fmesi, g\u0131da al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 talepler de art\u0131yor. Hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ra\u011fbetin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n \u00fcretimini art\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektiriyor. K\u0131tadaki g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini temin edecek olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etkinli\u011fin hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011fundan kimsenin \u015f\u00fcphesi yok. Al\u0131nan tedbirler m\u00fcspet neticeler veriyor. Mesela Uganda\u2019da s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri konusunda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerle y\u00fczde 150 art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Et \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan ihtiya\u00e7, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecedeki \u015fehirle\u015fmenin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla her y\u0131l en az iki kat art\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

T\u00dcRK M\u00dcTE\u015eEBB\u0130SLERE FIRSATLAR VE TEKL\u0130FLER<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019n\u0131n geleneksel hayvan besicili\u011fi bir\u00e7ok topluma sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faydalar\u0131 sebebiyle mutlaka ya\u015fat\u0131lmal\u0131. Yerle\u015fik hayat ve modern hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k gibi art\u0131k zorunlu te\u015febb\u00fcslerle bunun sonu getirilmemeli. \u0130thal s\u00fct tozu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yerel s\u00fct\u00fcn pazardaki yerini korumak i\u00e7in \u00fcreticilere kolayca ula\u015f\u0131p ekonomik de\u011ferini sa\u011flayacak b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari a\u011flar kurmak gerekiyor. Bunun fark\u0131nda olan \u00fclkeler 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda aralar\u0131nda bir dayan\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u0130\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde kalan \u00fclkelerin mevcut kesim yerlerinin say\u0131ca az olmalar\u0131 bir yana \u00e7ok eski teknolojilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p>

21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda giderek artan et ve s\u00fct ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in art\u0131k olmazsa olmaz gereksinim duyulan entegre tesislerin bir an evvel kurulup i\u015fletilmesi gerekiyor. Bu anlamda T\u00fcrk m\u00fcte\u015febbislerin k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerine hem hayvan yeti\u015ftirilmesi hem de hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in teknoloji deste\u011fi ile yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neltmeleri gelecekte ciddi yararlar sa\u011flayabilir.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130THAL ET VE S\u00dcT 150 M\u0130LYAR DOLARA G\u0130D\u0130YOR!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 50 y\u0131lda Afrika \u00fclkelerinin hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ithalat\u0131nda 15 kat art\u0131\u015f oldu. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 47 bin ton civar\u0131nda al\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131rken \u015fimdilerde milyonlarca tona ula\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri, her y\u0131l bunun i\u00e7in be\u015f milyar dolar harc\u0131yor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kendi i\u00e7indeki sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn hacmi 50 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde olup 2050 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece i\u00e7 pazar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 150 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme bekleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

Di\u011fer k\u0131talar gibi Afrika \u00fclkelerince Brezilya\u2019dan ba\u015fta et olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer hayvan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri al\u0131n\u0131yor. Yerli s\u00fct, bug\u00fcn ithal s\u00fct tozunun ucuzlu\u011fu ve kolay temini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sadece y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik vergiyle az da olsa korunuyor. Avrupa\u2019dan k\u0131taya getirilen s\u00fct tozu kotas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lacak olursa bununla rekabet daha da zorla\u015facak.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"1-milyar-250-milyon-inegi-var-ancak-sut-tozu-ithal-ediyor","tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"1 milyar 250 milyon ine\u011fi var ancak s\u00fct tozu ithal ediyor!","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"view_count":1156,"cropped_1200x675":null,"user":{"id":30,"name":"AHMET","surname":"KAVAS","email":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas@gmail.com","slug":"prof-dr-ahmet-kavas","avatar":"\/front\/uploads\/avatar\/17336916002RXDhDXyMw3kEXW.webp","status":1,"role":1,"email_verified_at":null,"orde":null,"created_at":"2022-10-24T11:09:13.000000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-18T09:44:44.000000Z","seo_title":null,"seo_description":null},"translations":[{"id":24859,"is_featured":0,"is_amp":0,"is_ads":0,"ads_link":null,"post_id":24760,"locale":"tr","category_id":73,"title":"1 milyar 250 milyon ine\u011fi var ancak s\u00fct tozu ithal ediyor!","home_title":null,"sub_title":null,"slider_title":null,"slider_title_2":null,"slider_spot_title":null,"slider_spot_title_2":null,"subtitleuse":0,"description":null,"content":" \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t

D\u00fcnya hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30\u2019u Afrika\u2019da\u2026 1 milyar 250 milyon hayvan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerinden Etiyopya, b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Brezilya, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019den sonra be\u015finci s\u0131rada. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 22. s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralamas\u0131ndaki ilk 100 i\u00e7inde 32 Afrika \u00fclkesi bulunuyor. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Bunca hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 50 y\u0131lda Afrika \u00fclkelerinin hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ithalat\u0131nda 15 kat art\u0131\u015f oldu. Halen hayvandan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7inde Afrika\u2019ya en \u00e7ok ithal edileni s\u00fct tozu olup oran olarak di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fczde 50\u2019ye tekab\u00fcl ediyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fct\u00fc i\u015fleyecek sanayi kurulabilmi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas<\/strong><\/span>
<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019y\u0131 di\u011fer k\u0131talardan ay\u0131ran temel \u00f6zellik, genelde hammadde kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine vurgu yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerleyen teknolojik geli\u015fmeler de bunu gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Sadece ilgili sekt\u00f6rlerin yak\u0131ndan takip ettikleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zirai \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131n\u0131n beslenmesi i\u00e7in en temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddesi olup ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ne kadar \u00f6nemliyse gelecekte de \u00fclkeler, hatta k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda gerginliklerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyecek kadar etkiye sahip. \u00d6zellikle canl\u0131 hayvan ve bunlardan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin d\u00fcnya genelinde artan pazar imk\u00e2nlar\u0131, her 5-10 y\u0131lda katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. Uluslararas\u0131 verilere \u00e7ok eksik yans\u0131yan Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bu alandaki mevcut birikimi, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn biraz fazla ke\u015ffedildik\u00e7e BM G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve hassaten Afrika Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da kurum, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20, hatta 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7in sekt\u00f6r raporlar\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131yor. Tar\u0131mda, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda zirai \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan hamleler ile d\u00fcnyada en y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim bu k\u0131tada ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. \u015eimdiye kadar bundan y\u00fczde 10\u2019u bulmayan seviyesi ile en az pay\u0131 alan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k da art\u0131k al\u0131nan yeni tedbirlerle benzeri bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fayacak.<\/span><\/p>

Y\u00dcZDE 30\u2019U AFR\u0130KA\u2019DA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, bilhassa Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde merkezi bir konuma sahip. Milyonlarca aile ge\u00e7imini bu alandaki faaliyetlerden kazan\u0131yor. Sadece Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da 80 milyon insan ge\u00e7imini hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak devam ettiriyor. Bu, neredeyse toplam n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden biri demek. T\u00fcm k\u0131ta s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise 300 ila 400 milyondan fazla insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu sekt\u00f6r ilgilendiriyor. \u00dclkelere g\u00f6re toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 30 ila y\u00fczde 80\u2019i aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131 bu alana do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki koyunlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 17\u2019si, ke\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 31\u2019i bu k\u0131tada ya\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015flar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30\u2019u bu k\u0131tada yeti\u015ftiriliyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u015eimdilerde 1 milyar 250 milyon b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan\u0131n k\u0131tan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde bulundu\u011fu dile getiriliyor. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015fta Do\u011fu Afrika, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015fta ise Sahel ve Bat\u0131 Afrika en fazla hayvana sahip. \u00dclkelerin en fazla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ne kadar hayvan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek. \u00c7ad, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk defa 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131m\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n destekleri ile g\u00fcncelleyerek, tespit etti\u011fi 113 milyon i\u00e7inde 93 milyondan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f olup geriye kalan\u0131n\u0131n kanatl\u0131 hayvan oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Etiyopya, b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Brezilya, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019den sonra 5. s\u0131rada gelirken, 7. s\u0131rada Sudan, 11. s\u0131rada Tanzanya, 12. s\u0131rada Nijerya ve 15. s\u0131rada Kenya takip ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 22. s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131ndaki ilk 100 i\u00e7inde 32 Afrika \u00fclkesi bulunuyor. <\/span><\/p>

K\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin Gayrisafi Yurti\u00e7i Has\u0131la\u2019ya katk\u0131s\u0131 sahil \u00fclkelerinde en fazla y\u00fczde 15 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede olsa da Sahel denilen i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlardakilerde bu oran y\u00fczde 40\u2019lara kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Haliyle ziraat\u0131n y\u00fczde 45\u2019lik oran\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131yor. Mesela Mali\u2019de GSY\u0130H\u2019ye y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flasa da bu haliyle bile milli gelire katk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan alt\u0131n ve pamuktan sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Ancak bu sekt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 genel n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 69\u2019unu meydana getiriyor.<\/span><\/p>

40 YILDA \u0130K\u0130 KAT ARTTI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019da dikkatlerden ka\u00e7an bir husus ise fakirlikle m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli etkenlerden birinin hep hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131. K\u0131tadaki kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde \u00f6zellikle toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131nda hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir etken. Adeta g\u00fcnl\u00fck <\/span>
hayatlar\u0131 birinin di\u011ferine olan ihtiyac\u0131 ile \u015fekilleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

Tropikal iklime sahip Afrika\u2019da 1974-2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde besi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilince di\u011fer k\u0131talarda oldu\u011fu gibi burada da b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlarda iki kat, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015flarda ise \u00fc\u00e7 kat art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Halen \u00fclkelerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda hayvanlardan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler, bir\u00e7ok devletin en \u00f6nemli ihracat kalemini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130stihdam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131tada gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hatta d\u00fcnya geneliyle mukayese edildi\u011finde bu alanla i\u015ftigal edenler ortalama 15-45 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Her y\u0131l 10 milyona yak\u0131n insan ge\u00e7imini temin i\u00e7in bu alana y\u00f6neliyor. \u00d6zellikle de kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in hayvana dayal\u0131 farkl\u0131 kollar cazip f\u0131rsatlar sunuyor. 54 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclke i\u00e7inde tar\u0131m odakl\u0131 m\u00fcstakil bakanl\u0131k az da olsa var. Sadece 22 devletin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131 tar\u0131m veya bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, hatta orman ve \u00e7evre gibi farkl\u0131 alanlarla birle\u015ftirilerek tek bir bakanl\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f. <\/span><\/p>

ET VE S\u00dcT SEKT\u00d6R\u00dc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

D\u00fcnyada et t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7in saniyede 2 bin hayvan\u0131n kesildi\u011fi, her y\u0131l bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in 65 milyar hayvan gerekti\u011fi ve mevcudun ise 150 milyar civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu biliniyor. T\u00fcm k\u0131talarda ortalama olarak 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na et t\u00fcketimi 20 kg. iken, 2021\u2019e gelindi\u011finde 43 kg. olarak ifade ediliyor. Ancak k\u0131talar aras\u0131nda ciddi dengesizlik s\u00f6z konusu. Avrupa ve Avustralya\u2019da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na et t\u00fcketimi y\u0131ll\u0131k 80 kg. ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019da 110 kg. iken, maalesef bug\u00fcn baz\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde bu miktar 10 kg. kadar.<\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na et t\u00fcketimi, ancak 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama 19 kg. oldu. Bunun 2050\u2019de 26 kg. olmas\u0131 bekleniyor. S\u00fct t\u00fcketiminin de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131ll\u0131k 44 kg. olup, 2050\u2019de en fazla 60 kg. seviyesine ula\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

Et ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin pazar de\u011feri \u00e7ok az artsa da miktar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan talepler her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha fazla y\u00fckseliyor. Ancak \u015fimdiden gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nmazsa k\u0131ta hayvani \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 20 oran\u0131nda ithalat yapmak zorunda kalacak.<\/span><\/p>

\u015eehirle\u015fmenin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 seyretti\u011fi k\u0131tada artan n\u00fcfus ve gelir seviyesinin iyile\u015fmesi, g\u0131da al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 talepler de art\u0131yor. Hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ra\u011fbetin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n \u00fcretimini art\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektiriyor. K\u0131tadaki g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini temin edecek olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etkinli\u011fin hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011fundan kimsenin \u015f\u00fcphesi yok. Al\u0131nan tedbirler m\u00fcspet neticeler veriyor. Mesela Uganda\u2019da s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri konusunda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerle y\u00fczde 150 art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Et \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan ihtiya\u00e7, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecedeki \u015fehirle\u015fmenin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla her y\u0131l en az iki kat art\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>

T\u00dcRK M\u00dcTE\u015eEBB\u0130SLERE FIRSATLAR VE TEKL\u0130FLER<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Afrika\u2019n\u0131n geleneksel hayvan besicili\u011fi bir\u00e7ok topluma sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faydalar\u0131 sebebiyle mutlaka ya\u015fat\u0131lmal\u0131. Yerle\u015fik hayat ve modern hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k gibi art\u0131k zorunlu te\u015febb\u00fcslerle bunun sonu getirilmemeli. \u0130thal s\u00fct tozu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yerel s\u00fct\u00fcn pazardaki yerini korumak i\u00e7in \u00fcreticilere kolayca ula\u015f\u0131p ekonomik de\u011ferini sa\u011flayacak b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari a\u011flar kurmak gerekiyor. Bunun fark\u0131nda olan \u00fclkeler 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda aralar\u0131nda bir dayan\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u0130\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde kalan \u00fclkelerin mevcut kesim yerlerinin say\u0131ca az olmalar\u0131 bir yana \u00e7ok eski teknolojilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p>

21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda giderek artan et ve s\u00fct ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in art\u0131k olmazsa olmaz gereksinim duyulan entegre tesislerin bir an evvel kurulup i\u015fletilmesi gerekiyor. Bu anlamda T\u00fcrk m\u00fcte\u015febbislerin k\u0131ta \u00fclkelerine hem hayvan yeti\u015ftirilmesi hem de hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in teknoloji deste\u011fi ile yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neltmeleri gelecekte ciddi yararlar sa\u011flayabilir.<\/span><\/p>

\u0130THAL ET VE S\u00dcT 150 M\u0130LYAR DOLARA G\u0130D\u0130YOR!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 50 y\u0131lda Afrika \u00fclkelerinin hayvana dayal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ithalat\u0131nda 15 kat art\u0131\u015f oldu. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131ta d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 47 bin ton civar\u0131nda al\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131rken \u015fimdilerde milyonlarca tona ula\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131ta \u00fclkeleri, her y\u0131l bunun i\u00e7in be\u015f milyar dolar harc\u0131yor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kendi i\u00e7indeki sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn hacmi 50 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde olup 2050 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece i\u00e7 pazar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 150 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme bekleniyor.<\/span><\/p>

Di\u011fer k\u0131talar gibi Afrika \u00fclkelerince Brezilya\u2019dan ba\u015fta et olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer hayvan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri al\u0131n\u0131yor. Yerli s\u00fct, bug\u00fcn ithal s\u00fct tozunun ucuzlu\u011fu ve kolay temini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sadece y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik vergiyle az da olsa korunuyor. Avrupa\u2019dan k\u0131taya getirilen s\u00fct tozu kotas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lacak olursa bununla rekabet daha da zorla\u015facak.<\/span><\/p> \t\t\t\t","slug":"1-milyar-250-milyon-inegi-var-ancak-sut-tozu-ithal-ediyor","orjinalimage":null,"news_cover_min":null,"news_cover":null,"news_video_min":null,"news_video":null,"cropped_638x552":null,"cropped_310x208":null,"cropped_416x247":null,"cropped_197x247":null,"cropped_416x600":null,"cropped_1200x675":null,"tags":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","meta_title":"1 milyar 250 milyon ine\u011fi var ancak s\u00fct tozu ithal ediyor!","meta_description":"Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kavas","meta_keywords":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131","view_count":1156,"yt":0,"ytid":"","ytimage":null,"imgdate":"2000-01-01 00:00:00","cuff_cover":null,"cropped_358x214":null,"cropped_842x474":null}]}}